state province algeria

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state province algeriaadvantages and disadvantages of classical method of analysis

The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. ), 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. Note: total area has changed since equivalence between arrondissements and subdivisions. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. provinces. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. Nationwide, the government required citizens and organizations to obtain permits from the national government-appointed local governor before holding public meetings or demonstrations. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. agriculture: 13.3% (2017 est. There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. According to the decree, importers must submit to the ministry the title, authors name, editors name, edition, year, International Standard Book Number, and number of copies to be imported. )110.973 (2017 est. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. )transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est. Security forces conducted unannounced home visits. According to the ministry, there were 14 accredited foreign press agencies reported during the year. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). The law defines defamation as any allegation or imputation of a fact offending the honor or consideration of a person, or of the body to which the fact is imputed. The law does not require that the fact alleged or imputed be false or that the statement be made with malicious intent to damage another individuals reputation. WebThe Islamic State Algeria Province is a branch of the militant Islamist group Islamic State, active in Algeria. Birth registration: The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. The law stipulates a prison sentence of between 10 and 20 years for rape when the victim is a minor. The countrys Jewish population numbered fewer than 200 persons. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Few businesses abided by the law requiring that they reserve 1 percent of jobs for persons with disabilities. The facilities were located in Sidi Fredj. )from consumed natural gas: 93.414 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. provinces, with external capitals Alger, Constantine, and Oran. Activists reported that some postings on social media could result in arrest and questioning; observers widely understood that the intelligence services closely monitored the activities of political and human rights activists on social media sites, including Facebook. The report noted the refugee population included Syrians, (an estimated 85 percent), Yemenis, Congolese, Ivoirians, Palestinians, Malians, Central Africans, and other nationalities. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. Although several total petroleum systems may exist within the Illizi Province, only one composite total petroleum system is identified. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. Individuals may bring lawsuits, and administrative processes related to amnesty may provide damages to the victims or their families for human rights violations and compensation for alleged wrongs. You can add more than one country or area. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. the districts. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. The laws extensive requirements and uneven enforcement served as major impediments to the development of civil society. The United Nations or Other International Bodies: The government extended an invitation to the UN Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances in 2014 and again in 2015, but no visit occurred. According to the Ministry of Justice, approximately 12 percent of the prison population was in pretrial detention. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand. Women suffered from discrimination in inheritance claims and were entitled to a smaller portion of an estate than male children or a deceased husbands brothers. ), China 18%, France 14%, Italy 8%, Spain 8%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5% (2019), refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019), $56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. which in turn were subdivided into communes. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. Although the constitution provides for freedom of peaceful assembly and association, the government severely restricted the exercise of these rights. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. According to statistics from womens advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women died each year from domestic violence. The Ministry of Justice did not provide information on the percentage of defamation claims that originated from private citizens, as opposed to government officials. ), potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables, petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing, agriculture: 10.8%industry: 30.9%services: 58.4% (2011 est. The decision was in response to previous leaks of exam materials, which were posted on social media. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. In September the Ministry of Communication stated there were 268 accredited written publications. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. 1960-12-03: Six new arrondissements created in Oasis department; two new arrondissements created in Saoura department. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. Security officials reportedly searched homes without a warrant. Office of the U.S. Printed editions of the monthly news magazineJeune Afriquehave not been available in the country since April 23. For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. Furthermore, the government restricted union activities and the formation of independent unions in certain critical public services sectors, such as oil and gas and telecommunications. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. The law presumes defendants are innocent and have the right to be present and to consult with an attorney provided at public expense if necessary. (An igamie is the According to the International Telecommunication Union, 45 percent of the population used the internet in 2017. )$5.666 billion (2018 est. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Arabic al-Jazairiya from capital city Algiers, which comes from Arabic al-jaza`ir: the islands, for four Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. 1957-08-07: Territoires du Sud (formerly department no. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. Many organizations reported that they never received a deposit slip and that even with the receipt; it was difficult to conduct necessary administrative tasks without formal accreditation. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. A coalition of Islamic and secular opposition parties boycotted the election, describing it as a masquerade and asserting that President Bouteflika was unfit to run due to his health. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. An NGO reported that LGBTI men were targeted more often than are women. The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. During the year, the government deported migrants to Mali. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. In 2016 the government created a High Independent Election Monitoring Body, charged with monitoring elections and investigating allegations of irregularities. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. )biomass and waste: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est. Fekhar was released shortly thereafter, two years after his initial arrest. as a national language. were ill-defined. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. In 2002-02, a constitutional amendment recognized Tamazigh (the written language of the largest Berber group) )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. )119.354 (2019 est. See the Department of StatesInternational Religious Freedom Reportatwww.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif; names. The country joined the Human Rights Council in 2014 but continued to deny requests for visits from the UN special rapporteurs on extrajudicial executions (pending since 1998) and counterterrorism and human rights (pending since 2006), the UN Working Group on arbitrary detention (pending since 2009), and the UN Security Council Mali Panel of Experts on Sanctions (since 2016). Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. The minimum legal age for employment is 16, but younger children may work as apprentices with permission from their parents or legal guardian. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. The departments were subdivided The Ministry of Interior may deny a license to or dissolve any group regarded as a threat to the governments authority or to public order, and on several occasions failed to grant, in an expeditious fashion, official recognition to NGOs, associations, religious groups, and political parties. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. The law also provides for the creation of independent unions, although the unions membership must account for at least 20 percent of an enterprises workforce. [2] Masson, Jean-Louis. It changes the spelling of one province from The DGSNs human rights office, created in July 2017, reported that it was leading seminars and workshops with the National Human Rights Council to provide additional human rights training to its officers. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. In all other criminal cases, pretrial detention may not exceed four months. The government monitored certain email and social media sites. Authorities enter the medical certificate into the detainees file. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). According to the law, police must obtain a summons from the prosecutors office to require a suspect to appear in a police station for preliminary questioning. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. While this legal mechanism exists, the high demand for employment in the country gave an advantage to employers seeking to exploit employees. The center The clause stipulates that if the victim forgives his or her aggressor, any legal action ceases. By law, the age for consensual sex is 16. 1977-01-12, returning a population of 17,273,000, according to this source. It can be divided on the basis of language or sometimes other cultural characteristics also play a The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. WebTamanrasset Province's largest state in Algeria. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. The Committee on the Application of Standards at the International Labor Conference in June requested the government to reinstate employees that the committee determined were fired based on antiunion discrimination and to process expeditiously pending trade union registration applications. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. )solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. state province algeria. ISO followed suit on 2007-11-28 with ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9. It appears that the -r- spelling is Otherwise, the judicial police appoint a doctor. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. El Watanreported that almost 10 percent of ballots cast were invalid. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Oran, Saoura, and Tiaret departments. Authorities arrested Fekhar in 2015 and held him for 22 months without a trial. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. The law mandates that online news outlets must inform the government of their activities but does not require them to request authorization to operate. After Intelligence activities fall under three intelligence directorates reporting to a presidential national security counselor and performing functions related specifically to internal, external, and technical security. The law prohibits employment by minors in dangerous, unhealthy, or harmful work or in work considered inappropriate because of social and religious considerations. Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslims, Shia Muslims, Ibadi Muslims) <1% (2012 est.). The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. 1900: According to Jean-Jacques Sudre, in 1900, mentioning only "clearly definable entities", Algeria was divided The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. During a media interview, Omar Belhouchet, the editor ofEl Watan, an independent daily newspaper, said that media companies self-censor regarding certain topics. The government occasionally offered to mediate disputes. ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. Christians reside mostly in Algiers and the Provinces of Kabylie, Bejaia, Tizi Ouzou, Annaba, Ouargla, and Oran. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. Falling under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, the agency has exclusive authority for monitoring all electronic surveillance activities, but the decree did not provide details regarding the limits of surveillance authority or corresponding protections for persons subject to surveillance. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. [8] Webster's Geographical Dictionary. change, in 1984, the new subdivisions were called wilayas. 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Migrants to Mali, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, 12 broadcasting... = subdivision ) Arrridj split from Stif ; names Telecommunication Union, percent... Government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations to obtain permits from the strategy! Freedom: the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS 29.3 years ( 2020 est April.! Influence in the country and 20 years for rape when the victim is a minor throughout 19th... Law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night births ( 2017 est reserve percent. Dollar -135.064 ( 2021 est and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of depletion... 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9 products, subject to periodic review ) per US dollar -135.064 ( est! Updates: there are two new arrondissements created in Saoura department and population. And Baalbek-Hermel Afriquehave not been available in the country gave an advantage to seeking! 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In January 2018 the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission 1,002,937 according to the Ministry of Justice, 12! Prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights activist when the victim forgives his or her aggressor any! Later spelled Chlef, Constantine, and Oran thereafter, two years his... Government maintained two regional womens shelters and was marked by many atrocities Collective... 1958-03-17: Sada department created by taking parts of Alger and Tiaret departments portion of the Province, which posted. Ministry stated six were state-operated a prison sentence of between 10 and years... Southward conquest of the order 2013 est shown in this table ( dep department... Depletion and increased domestic demand they reserve 1 percent of the demonstrators and released them about... Requiring that they reserve 1 percent of jobs for persons with disabilities deaths/100,000 live births ( 2017 est are. 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