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The Finnish National Archives website's database lists the names of the 94,676 Finnish war dead between 1939 and 1945. Bob Guercio Eisenhower calmly said "OK. There were 3,000 civilian deaths in Allied air raids including 1,400 in the bombing of Sofia. Mai 1974. During World War II, the Western Front was the theater of fighting west of Germany, encompassing the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Denmark. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[236]. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Advancing from northern Italy, the British Eighth Army[a] pushed to the borders of Yugoslavia to defeat the remaining Wehrmacht elements there. The war was notable for the Nazi-sponsored genocide of the Jewish peoples resulting in more than 5.9 million deaths, and the impact of "Total War" on the world's population. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) Annual Report 20142015[60] is the source of the military dead for the British Empire. There were only some local, minor skirmishes. The attacks employed massive artillery bombardments and massed infantry advances. 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. 14,072 dead while POWs), Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949 pp. ), Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Lithuanian civilian war dead in 194145 at 345,000 (25,000 in military operations; 230,000 executed, 15,000 in Germany and 75,000 due to hunger and disease. 1978), Mikhalev, S. N (2000). The names of U.S. Merchant Navy (30,248); British Home Guard (1,206) and Civilians (60,595). Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. Estimated civilian deaths range from about 14 to 17 million. USSR 82,079 (3,522 post armistice); Africa 22,341 (1,565 post armistice), at sea 28,438 (5,526 post armistice); Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. [252] Rosefielde maintains that the data from the Soviet archives is incomplete; for example, he pointed out that the figures do not include the 22,000 victims of the Katyn massacre. Bureau odszkodowan wojennych, Statement on war losses and damages of Poland in 19391945. Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression;The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951.p.44-45. H.W. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support. $19.99 + $4.99 shipping . The Kriegsmarine, nonetheless, suffered very heavy losses during the two months of fighting required to seize all of mainland Norway. In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners. UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. In January 1945 the German bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock. [393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402], German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive. In Operation Eclipse, the 17th Airborne Division, 82d Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division, and a British brigade were to seize the Tempelhof, Rangsdorf, Gatow, Staaken, and Oranienburg airfields. 41112. The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. Mexico lost 7 merchant ships and 63 dead merchant mariners. Seventh Army and French First Army) fought a difficult campaign through the Vosges Mountains that was marked by dogged German resistance and slow advances. German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. These figures included the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. However, Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, had suffered serious losses in Norway, and in order to even consider an amphibious landing, Germany's Air Force (the Luftwaffe) had to first gain air superiority or air supremacy. Sources for total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20million as detailed below. Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. British losses totalled to 11,010 killed or missing, 14,070 wounded (only those who were evacuated have been counted), and 41,340 taken prisoner. The chance of an amphibious landing necessitated the substantial dispersal of the German mobile reserves, which contained the majority of their panzer troops. (German government Statistical Office), Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79 (available online at, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. 10,066; Paramilitary 3,252; not indicated 45,078. After suffering 2,400 casualties, the most of any beach on D-Day, small groups of U.S. soldiers were able to break through the defenses, opening the way for successive waves. Second phase: July-September 1916 After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 194445. The Japanese interned 105,530 Dutch civilians in the East Indies, of whom 13,567 died. Britain's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, urged Eisenhower to continue the advance toward Berlin by the 21st Army Group, under the command of Montgomery with the intention of capturing the city. [147] According to Yad Vashem, "During their four years in power, the Ustasa carried out a Serb genocide, exterminating over 500,000, expelling 250,000 and forcing another 200,000 to convert to Catholicism. Germany (West). Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946", "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. (1974) The Maschke Commission found that about 1.2million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1million in the USSR. An earlier estimate made in 1987 by Franciszek Proch of the Polish Association of Former Political Prisoners of Nazi and Soviet Concentration Camps estimated the total dead due to the Soviet occupation at 1,050,000. "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). Seventh and Third Armies) into southeastern Germany and Austria. ", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. ^I China Demographic Research, Vol. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). On 6 June 1944, the Allies began Operation Overlord (also known as "D-Day") the long-awaited liberation of France. [600] D. The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. The Western Front of the European Theatre of World War II encompassed Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Western Germany. German historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn (2010) have published a detailed study of the flight and expulsions. A large number of partisans and members of the RSI forces were former members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy, to which is referred the 3,430,000 figure. Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Wars and Population. Military operations between the occupying German military forces and their "Quislings and collaborators" against the Yugoslav resistance. The culmination of Allied counter-attacks restored the front line to the area of the German border and collapsed the Colmar Pocket. 1939 German Soldiers With Time To Spare Thresh Wheat In France Ww2 Photo 7X9 . Sailors 300,386 killed and 12,275 wounded and missing. Lennart Lundberg Handelsflottan under andra vrldskriget, p. 9. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Soon after, the Allies were racing across France. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. Rdiger Overmans writes "It seems entirely plausible, while not provable, that one half of the 1.5 million missing on the eastern front were killed in action, the other half (700,000) however in fact died in Soviet custody". Civilian war dead were approximately 2,100, French military war of 210,000 dead include 150,000 regular forces (193940. Millions also died as a result of other German actions. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. The source of the figures is Vadim Erlikman[ru]. By the summer of 1944, when an expectation of an Allied invasion was freely admitted by German commanders, the disposition of troops facing it came under the command of OB West (HQ in Paris). Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps, By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Germany reports. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. [245] The Stalin regime deported the entire populations of ethnic minorities considered to be potentially disloyal. Warsaw 1966, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, "Relatrio 194647", AHU, Urlanis, Boris (1971). [4][5][2] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. On 19 August, the French Resistance (FFI) organised a general uprising and the liberation of Paris took place on 25 August when general Dietrich von Choltitz accepted the French ultimatum and surrendered to general Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, commander of the Free French 2nd Armored Division, ignoring orders from Hitler that Paris should be held to the last and destroyed. 3,700 Dutch nationals in the German armed forces and 7,500 missing and presumed dead in Germany and 16,000 deaths (1 January 1995). ", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015 p. 38", "In service to their country: Moving tales of Irishmen who fought in WWII", "Bombing Incidents in Ireland during the Emergency 19391945", "United States State Department Background notes Nauru", "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands", "Newfoundlanders and Labradorians in WWII", "Auckland War Museum, World War Two Hall of Memories", "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II", "AJR-27 War crimes: Japanese military during World War II", "Department of Defence (Australia), 2002, "A Short History of East Timor", "Soviet Armed Forces Losses in Wars, Combat Operations and Military Conflicts: A Statistical Study", "Michael Ellman and S. Maksudov, Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War:a note-World War II - Europe Asia Studies, July 1994", "The extent of human losses USSR in the Great Patriotic War (in Russian)", "The Diplomacy of Apology: U.S. Bombings of Switzerland during World War II", "The UNITED KINGDOM: country population", "Civilian War Dead Roll of Honour 1939 1945", "U.S. Census BureauWorld Population Historical Estimates of World Population", https://www.digizeitschriften.de/de/openaccess, "Bundeskanzleramt der Republik sterreich Startseite Bundeskanzleramt sterreich", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, http://www.digizeitschriften.de/de/openaccess, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79, " (Repatriation of displaced Soviet citizens)", "Political Migrations on Polish Territories 19391950", "Yad Vashem The Shoah Victims' Names Recovery Project", "Yad Vashem: About the Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: FAQs", "File:Hungary in 1941 with territories annexed in 1938-1941.png", "De vervolging van gemengd-gehuwde joden in Nederland Teruggefloten door Hitler", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. It is said that the Russians could have won the Second World War without any support from the US or Commonwealth forces, above all because of their large quantity of produced T-34 tanks. Mai 1974. pp. Of 7,080 BEF casualties, 5,533 losses were incurred by the 5th Australian Division; German losses were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken prisoner. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Blacks During the Holocaust", "Wiesenthal Center: Croatia Must Act To Counter Veneration Of Fascist Ustashe Past | Simon Wiesenthal Center", https://www.routledge.com/Imperial-Japans-World-War-Two-1931-1945/Gruhl/p/book/9781412811040, "Imperial Japan's World War Two 19311945 Directory", "Project InPosterum: Poland WWII Casualties", "Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations", "Reports of General MacArthurMACARTHUR IN JAPAN:THE OCCUPATION: MILITARY PHASE VOLUME I SUPPLEMENT' U.S. Government printing Office 1966 p. 130 endnote 36", "Congressional Research Report American War and Military Operations Casualties. A raid on Sark on the night of 3/4 October 1942 is notable because a few days after the incursion the Germans issued a propaganda communiqu implying at least one prisoner had escaped and two were shot while resisting having their hands tied. This was followed by a tedious campaign to clear a peninsula dominating the estuary, and finally, the amphibious assault on Walcheren Island in November. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961, p. 32, Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, available online at. The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. Civilian deaths totaled 5055million. [7][8] The Red Army claimed responsibility for the majority of Wehrmacht casualties during World War II. Germany (West). Army total 1,140,429 killed and 295,247 wounded. In addition the civilian population was conscripted by the Japanese as forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war). [257], The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 19401941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . This was followed by a pincer movement of the First Canadian Army in Operation Veritable advancing from the Nijmegen area of the Netherlands, and the US Ninth Army crossing the Roer in Operation Grenade. Thailand: 6,900, 100, (7,000) Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. U.S. Army figures include the deaths of 5,337 from the Philippines and 165 from Puerto Rico (see p.118). This was also the period in which the United Kingdom and France did not supply significant aid to Poland, despite their pledged alliance. The official U.S. report listed 1 U.S. civilian killed during the, Six U.S. civilians were killed in Oregon in May 1945 by Japanese. [603] This is from a total of 3,268,877 casualties recorded by the army across all fronts during that period. In German Armed Forces 700[94], Polish losses during the Soviet occupation (19391941). Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. Sankt-Peterburg 1995, Edwin Bacon, Glasnost and the Gulag: New information on Soviet forced labour around World WarII. Deaths in battle were 292,131. The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. 1939 Press Photo American Soldiers Honoring French WWII Casualties in Nantes . Newfoundland lost 1,089 persons with U.K. and Canadian Forces during the war. Murray, Williamson and Millett, Alan R. (2000). Data from the Netherlands Institute of War Documentation puts the number of Dutch POW captured by the Japanese at 37,000 of whom 8,500 died. [599] The Jasenovac Memorial Site quotes a similar figure of between 80,000 and 100,000 victims. Military losses with USSR against Japan in the 1939, During World War II Japan occupied Nauru in August 1942 and deported 1,200. The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World WarII. Starting in early September, the Americans began slow and bloody fighting through the Hurtgen Forest ("Passchendaele with tree bursts"Hemingway) to breach the Line. The sources for the casualties of the individual nations do not use the same methods, and civilian deaths due to starvation and disease make up a large proportion of the civilian deaths in China and the Soviet Union. An estimated 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 people died during World War II. A total of 2,230,500[263] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. These were built in anticipation of an Allied invasion of France. Navy total 414,879 killed and 14,155 wounded and missing. p. 30 (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), R. J. Rumell, Statistics of democide Table 3.1. They may be entitled to a gravestone, flag for their coffin, and burial in a National Cemetery", "Summary of merchant marine personnel casualties, World War II", "U.S. The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. The Survey believes the dead at Hiroshima to have been between 70,000 and 80,000, with an equal number injured; at Nagasaki over 35,000 dead and somewhat more than that injured seems the most plausible estimate. B. German forces, under express orders from Hitler, fought with a special vengeance against the Serbs, who were considered Untermensch. Casualties in 193940 include the following dead and missing: The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled. In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. The tables below give a detailed country-by-country count of human losses. The official Yugoslav figure for total war dead is 1.7million (300,000 military and 1,400,000 civilians). Civilian war dead are included with the nations where they resided. Their advance only slowed down as they encountered regrouped and entrenched German troops in the Vosges Mountains. More than half of the total number of casualties are accounted for by the dead of the Republic of China and of the Soviet Union. China after Pearl Harbor 202,958 killed and 88,920 wounded. pp. However, it lay at the end of the long Scheldt Estuary, and so it could not be used until its approaches were clear of heavily fortified German positions. The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive. For nations that suffered huge losses such as the Soviet Union, China, Poland, Germany, and Yugoslavia, sources can give only the total estimated population loss caused by the war and a rough estimate of the breakdown of deaths caused by military activity, crimes against humanity and war-related famine. Modern updates of UK casualties including the wounded are contained in. Are included with the nations where they resided Statistics Bureau of Statistics ( CBS ) Netherlands '' ( )... Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 194445 there were 3,000 civilian deaths Allied. That period died during World war II reoccupation by the ) into southeastern Germany and.. 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