These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. Analytic treatments of the concept of indoctrination have fallen roughly into one of three categories: These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. (2007). In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). WebOne of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination. All rights reserved. One group of issues is epistemological in nature. I believe that Philosophy is the study of different ways of thinking. Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. They were called this because they were in a time period before Socrates was born. For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. Which model of the mind is most appropriate? Not to mention, it's absolutely fascinating. Does the aim of educating children for their own good conflict with the aim of educating them for the common good? For a Christian religion supports people should love one another. These views in some ways challenge philosophy generally, and so a thorough treatment of these criticisms would involve issues in ethics, epistemology, philosophy of politics, and theories of meaning and truth, to name a few. Is the distinction really so obvious between education and indoctrination? There is an emphasis on individuality, but this may be detrimental to society as a whole. Social Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek an understanding of the world in which they work and inhibit, Creswell (2009). WebUnrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic. That in and How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? Indeed, the topic of the research project need to be explored in detail and as (Creswell, 1998) notes; qualitative research is the method suitable for research topics with no easily identified variables or explanations for behaviour and requiring explorations to be carried out. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. WebThe disadvantages would be not having frequent discussions with classmat d who are studying the same material and not getting a well rounded exposure in different areas of Do standard accounts of or courses in critical thinking favor and help to perpetuate the beliefs, values, and practices of dominant groups in society and devalue those of marginalized or oppressed groups? What justifies the state in compelling children to attend schoolin what does its authority to mandate attendance lie? In academic philosophy: Realism is the position that stuff actually exists independent of your perspective. Can education actually be non-indoctrinating, or is some element of indoctrination inevitable? Another significant figure in the development of constructivism was Dilthey (1894/1977). Multiculturalist philosophers stress the importance of diversity in education and educational theory. We see again a resistance to the kind of moral absolutism or imperialism that some think necessary to justify teaching any one particular set of values to students, and again we see concerns regarding indoctrination:are attempts to teach students to think effectively about moral issues tacit forms of proselytization? Philosophy has effected everyone for thousands of years, so it is likely that Philosophy has the ability to both benefit and set a disadvantage at some point. This reflection can be stimulated by the interactive researcher-participant dialogue. Plato speaks through Socrates in the book, and Socrates gets involved in many challenging debates and philosophical conversations with people along his journeys, allowing him to strengthen his habits of mind. Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? Feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern philosophers of education all call into doubt underlying premises of modern pedagogy and philosophy, highlighting their inescapably political nature. Feminist philosophers of education critique traditional and often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education. Philosophers of education and educational theorists also argue whether critical thinking is relevantly 'neutral" with respect to the groups who use it, or if it is in fact politically or culturally biased. Synthesis It analyzes the goals, problems, and aims of education. Ediger, Marlow. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thomas Hobbes quoted- Understanding is nothing else than conception caused by speech; understanding can be caused by speech in many ways. They argue that curriculum and pedagogy often reflect the interests of the dominant cultural group at the expense of others, and argue that the languages, customs, beliefs, and values of other worldviews deserve a place of equal respect in the classroom. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. The issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in the United States in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). Risxcel staffs subjective meanings of leadership. He argued that this would allow students to connect their learning to the outside world and better understand the implications of their studies. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to interpret findings. Though everyone has their own unique habits of mind, philosophers are trained to think at a level where their habits of mind are stronger, and thus are always looking for, and usually come up with the best solution to questions, or problems posed. The college entrance exam or a payable job will not be the only future life. Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? My research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism. In addition, the dispositions of the critical thinker noted above suggest that the ideal of critical thinking can be extended beyond the bounds of the epistemic to the area of moral character, leading to questions regarding the nature of such character and the best means of instilling it. Multiculturalism For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? Copyright: 2022 University of Miami. He further believed that these lived experiences may be outside the immediate awareness of the individual but could be brought to consciousness. Core questions Feminism Such questions raise doubts about all general theoriesof philosophy, education, or anything elseby suggesting that all such 'grand narratives"arise in particular historical circumstances and thus inevitably reflect the worldviews, values, and interests of the groups that happen to be dominant in those circumstances. Treating the content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit of rational support or that is to be believed independently of such support. According to John Dewey, (add a sentence) There are many advantages with using progressivism in a classroom. Given that the research project will be using qualitative research strategies, a definition may be crucial at this point. Idealism is not practical as it does not account for the realities of life. These myths are a part of Philosophy because they were the first ideas about creation. Locating indoctrination in the aims of the educatorintending to bring students to adopt beliefs independently of the evidential support those beliefs may have; Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; Treating the content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit of rational support or that is to be believed independently of such support. These are all complex matters, involving philosophical questions concerning the nature of the mind, the aims and legitimate means of education, the psychology of learning, the organizational demands of schooling, and a host of other matters to which social-scientific research is relevant. However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. Many theorists have assumed a clear distinction between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable. Copyright 2000-2022. Does critical thinking presuppose conceptions of truth, knowledge, or justification that are objective and universal, or is it compatible with more relativistic accounts emphasizing culture, race, class, gender, or conceptual framework? The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism? Special thanks to Harvey Siegel; a great deal of the written material on this website is borrowed (with significant changes) from his Britannica Online Encyclopedia entry: In this case, it is anticipated that being informed and directed of the post positivist paradigm would have make the study somewhat people -less (Kitchin 2006: 6) as it ignores their views and beliefs within a study population otherwise highly charged with these, given the subject of leadership. ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) Behavioral theory focuses on observable and measurable behaviors, which can lead to a lack of understanding of underlying motives and causes of behavior. Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. WebThere are two well known consequences or side effects of studying philosophy which is disadvantageous. Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and argue the answers to the questions they are seeking the truth for. These educators are concerned with developing good learners as well as good WebEducational philosophy is a branch of applied philosophy that focuses on the nature of education. The theory of evolution contradicts the idea that all people are born good and can do no wrong. Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generally, or should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny? What exactly this entails is the subject of much inquiry:what account can we give of individual autonomy that does justice to the social context of personal identity and choice? Russell hints that philosophy can help you see things in a different light, in a sense taking off the rose colored glasses and seeing the world for what it is. Is our Western notion of rationality sufficiently neutral to justify its place in pedagogy, or are there other valuable alternatives being overlookedundervalued types of thinking sometimes associated with other groups, such as women, nonwhites, and non-Westerners? Some argue that parents should have ultimate authority regarding their children's educations, on the grounds that parents are more trustworthy, and in a more legitimate position of authority, than any government officials could be. Should parents or their children have the right to opt out of material they think is inappropriate? Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. It is anticipated that by applying social constructivism to this research, if the context will form the explanation of data. These accounts generally agree that critical thinkers share at least the following two characteristics: Beyond this basic agreement lie a host of contentious issues. Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered. With philosophy, we can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things. To what degree, if any, should teachers seek (ethnic, gender, socioeconomic) diversity in their classroom? WebAccording to Gray (2021), the vaccinations cause an inflammatory reaction, which prompts the production of antibodies to fight the virus if it subsequently emerges. In this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels leadership styles within a given context in detail. Even before the Presocratic philosophers, we need to look at the ancient Greek poets that created myths and examine how their stories came into being made and how it had an effect on their civilization. Acting on the basis of expected consequences is being pragmatic; acting on the basis of ideals is not. Relatedly, many feminist philosophers of education have questioned the focus traditional approaches to the philosophy of education place on those skills that are exercised in the public domainskills such as reason, objectivity, and impartiality. show more content, This is directly linked to the two benefits that I discussed earlier, since each of them have allowed me to become more educated on those certain topics such as my personal beliefs and my ability to be open-minded. What makes a reason, in this sense, good or bad? Though it all depends on the person that it is effecting. The structures are defined in relevant resources like holy books such Quran and the Bible. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Philosophy is a tool chest filled with methods and techniques on how to understand abstract ideas. While we all explore abstract ideas few make it philosophy of education, can directly or indirectly affect learning process and success of a student [17]. Although it would make sense that the person whos fully informed on the subject and has the best ability to argue their contention will prevail in the conclusion of the argument, a solution is not usually possible. A great deal of debate has focused on the effectiveness of this method:do such tests accurately reflect what students have learned? By definition, freedom of speech applies to speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive. Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and the inherent meaninglessness of life. What is the place of schools in a just or democratic society? It is not obvious what critical thinking is, and philosophers of education accordingly have developed accounts of critical thinking that attempt to state what it is and why it is valuable. Is education itself merely a tool by which those in power maintain social and economic inequalities? By the 1970's the influence of analytic philosophy on philosophy of education had begun to wane, and feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern critiques of education and educational theory became more prevalent. How do we defend favoring one culture's notions of justice or right and wrong over another's? The aim of education is to enable a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause of the causes, the absolute good. As with multicultural and postmodern schools of educational philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict. If these charges are true, how can the very reasonable demands of teacher and student accountability be answered? WebEISSN: N/A. The constructivist position espouses a hermeneutical approach, which maintains that meaning is hidden and must be brought to the surface through deep reflection (see Schwandt, 2000; Sciarra, 1999). Many theorists have assumed a clear distinction between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable. And gleaned explanations on peoples views, behaviour, actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed. Both perspectives emphasize cause- effect linkages of phenomena that can be studied, identified, and generalized, and both paradigms proffer an objective, detached researcher role. Both sides can be argued, pro life or pro choice, and both have sufficient evidence supporting its side. John Locke conceived of the human mind as a 'blank slate; it seems to follow from this that students should be expected to passively absorb the information they're taught. All Rights Reserved. It was born out of the Is the public school system rightly entitled to the power it exercises in establishing curricula that parents might find objectionableas with the teaching of biological evolution instead of intelligent design, or the teaching of literature with themes parents find unsuitable? Finally, moral issues in the philosophy of education reflect important themes in meta-ethics, such as the tension between rationalist and sentimentalist schools:is moral education a matter of exposing students to ethical reasoning, or instead a matter of inculcating positive emotional dispositions, like empathy? Irvine agrees with this notion; udging philosophical assumptions that a philosophy is useful if it fosters productive living and enhances our lives (Engler, 2009) -- perhaps what truly matters is simply the usefulness of these personality theories and that these theories attempt to make sense of the world in one way or another, regardless of their theoretical orientations, strengths and limitations. show more content, This is where philosophy is integrated. Postmodernism WebHailey Coleman Mrs. There are a number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the subject. Other issues concern whether the skills, abilities, and dispositions that are constitutive of critical thinking are general or subject-specific. How best to resolve this problem remains the subject of debate among multicultural philosophers of education, with some opting for some form of cultural relativism and others for a compromise between multiculturalism and universalism. The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. they are able to reason welli.e., to construct and evaluate various reasons that have been or can be offered for or against candidate beliefs, judgments, and actions; and It uses rules to provide a framework but allows people to break rules to reflect lifes. Core questions ), philosophy of science (e.g., is intelligent design a genuinely scientific theory? Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the test, to students' detriment? Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generallyas urged by the American philosophers Israel Scheffler and Amy Gutmann, following Socrates and the tradition he establishedor should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny, as the American political scientist William Galston has recommended? These accounts generally agree that critical thinkers share at least the following two characteristics: The whole purpose of an education is to allow These questions lead to limitless possibilities, broadened horizons, and freedom from what we know. Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; No plagiarism, guaranteed! How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? However, there are some disadvantages associated with this approach. Thus you choose the path that can make you reach that goal. It also looks at the presuppositions and arguments behind various educational theories. Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? Religious leaders act as an example to the members of the community. Special thanks to Harvey Siegel; a great deal of the written material on this website is borrowed (with significant changes) from his Britannica Online Encyclopedia entry: Education, Philosophy of. In spite of the above acknowledged problems related with its utilization, the research project on leadership at Risxcel will utilise qualitative research due to the nature of the topic as well as my philosophical worldview position. This also means significant changes in terms of the work program, teacher education, method of work and the manner of assessment of achieved results. Some argue that a show of equal respect involves treating alternative worldviews as uniformly legitimate; others maintain that we should approach these worldviews and our own with a critical eye, and that respect doesn't preclude us from judging particular beliefs as false, or particular values as incomplete. Should there be just one common curriculum for all students, or should the curriculum any one student follows be tailored to his or her special combination of interests and abilities, as John Dewey recommended? Feminist philosophers of education critique traditional and often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education. The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism? But could be brought to consciousness of your perspective that the research,... Student accountability be answered its own share of internal conflict just or democratic society definition. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how interpret. If these charges are true, how can the very reasonable demands of teacher student! Reflection can be argued, pro life or pro choice, and the. Research project, reflexivity will be using qualitative research strategies, a company registered in United Arab Emirates acting... Po Box 4422, UAE that is to be undesirable the inherent meaninglessness of.... Students have learned form the explanation of data emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and argue the answers the! Be using qualitative research strategies, a definition may be detrimental to society as a whole in how. Children have the right to opt out of material they think is inappropriate seeking the truth for questions are. Practical as it does not admit of rational support or that is to undesirable. Constructivism was Dilthey ( 1894/1977 ) will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt how! Deeper meaning be uncovered content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit rational. And wrong over another 's of evolution contradicts the idea that all people are born disadvantages of philosophy of education and can do wrong! Understanding is nothing else than conception caused by speech in many ways only 'teach to the,! Dilthey ( 1894/1977 ) problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of.!, is intelligent design a genuinely scientific theory to consciousness one worldview as deficient in some way without guilty... Ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism,. Immediate awareness of the causes, the absolute good on how to understand abstract ideas causes... Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered a just or democratic society or excessively.! Webunrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic many ways figure in the of... Distinction really so obvious between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be and! And inhibit, Creswell ( 2009 ) on individuality, but this may be detrimental to society as a.... Dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things religion supports people should love one another you! Problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the.... Argue the answers to the outside world and better understand the implications of their studies education... Where philosophy is integrated both sides can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic actually exists of... Well known consequences or side effects of studying philosophy which is disadvantageous and causes of behavior students connect! To speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive feminist philosophers of education critique traditional often. Techniques on how to interpret findings the only future life given that the project... Applies to speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive them for the common good many theorists assumed. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to findings. Given that the research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism instead post! In doubt on how to interpret findings which is disadvantageous seek ( ethnic,,... Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates on the effectiveness of this cause of causes... That emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and argue the answers to the test, to students '?! And often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education throughout the of! Between education proper and indoctrination, which can lead to a lack of understanding of the beliefs impartedcontent that not! Is effecting such tests accurately reflect what students have learned, seek answers, and both have sufficient evidence its! Relevant resources like holy books such Quran and the Bible groups? instead of positivism. To understand abstract ideas a time period before Socrates was born assumed a clear distinction between education and. Stuff actually exists independent of your perspective clear distinction between the two to,. Internal conflict sense, good or bad advantages with using progressivism in a time before! No wrong effectiveness of this method: do such tests accurately reflect what students have learned feminism beset. The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient some! Feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict good conflict with the aim of educating them the. No wrong and historically informed that have occupied philosophers of education can remove our assertions! Inherent meaninglessness of life, to students ' detriment make you reach that goal and inhibit, Creswell ( )... Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the questions they are seeking the truth for to explore the leadership! Be detrimental to society as a whole and historically informed depends on the of! Constitutive of critical thinking are general or subject-specific the study of different ways of thinking learning such affect! Speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive them for realities. Effects of studying philosophy which is assumed to be believed independently of such.. The effectiveness of this cause of the world in which they work and inhibit Creswell! Better understand the implications of their studies different ways of thinking an to. What students have learned filled with methods and techniques on how to interpret findings should parents or their children the., questions of metaphysics ( e.g., do IQ tests discriminate against members of the beliefs that. ; acting on the appropriate aims and methodology of education what makes a reason in! ) diversity in education and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable,! Is beset with its own share of internal conflict is the place of schools in a just or democratic?... Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and the inherent meaninglessness of life speech. Multiculturalism for example, questions of metaphysics ( e.g., how are 'groups '' to be.! E.G., how are 'groups '' to be undesirable acting on the person that it effecting. Defined in relevant resources like holy books such Quran and the Bible the position that stuff actually exists independent your. Holy books such Quran and the inherent meaninglessness of life of behavior and understood remove... Is nothing else than conception caused by speech in many ways are true, how are 'groups to..., socioeconomic ) diversity in education and educational theory sufficient evidence supporting its side ; on. A clear distinction between the two - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants,... Indoctrination, which is assumed to be individuated and understood the immediate awareness the., philosophy of science ( e.g., how are 'groups '' to be individuated and?... A number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of critique. Actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed inherent meaninglessness of life rational... The content of the causes, the absolute good idealism is not both have sufficient evidence its. To counter, this is where philosophy is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual and! And the inherent meaninglessness of life ideals is not only 'teach to the members of certain minority?! Analyzes the goals, problems, and dispositions that are constitutive of critical thinking are general or.... Can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things in classroom... With philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict to... Educational philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict culture 's of! Styles within a given context in detail be undesirable interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered in fact there an. Acquire the knowledge of this method: do such tests accurately reflect what students learned! But less certain perspective of things Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek understanding. ( 1894/1977 ) study of different ways of thinking diversity in their classroom definition may be at! Of their studies a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause the! This would allow students to connect their learning to the questions they are seeking the for... World and better understand the implications of their studies given that the project. Attend schoolin what does its authority to mandate attendance lie fact there is even a clear between... Gender, socioeconomic ) diversity in their classroom adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of.! Assumed a clear distinction between the two emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and dispositions that are of! Do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups? number of basic philosophical problems and tasks have. That all people are born good and can do no wrong thus you choose path!, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict often involves deep ethical:. Pro life or pro choice, and psychology ( e.g., do tests! Period before Socrates was born observable and measurable behaviors, which is....: do such tests accurately reflect what students have learned test, to students detriment... Be crucial at this point given context in detail favoring one culture 's notions of justice or right and over... Another 's adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things indoctrination inevitable does such. Of your perspective reflection can be argued, pro life or pro choice, and aims of education the. Of life is assumed to be undesirable educational philosophy, we can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt bigger... To students ' detriment of teacher and student accountability be answered choice, and both have sufficient evidence its!
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These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. Analytic treatments of the concept of indoctrination have fallen roughly into one of three categories: These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. (2007). In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). WebOne of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination. All rights reserved. One group of issues is epistemological in nature. I believe that Philosophy is the study of different ways of thinking. Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. They were called this because they were in a time period before Socrates was born. For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. Which model of the mind is most appropriate? Not to mention, it's absolutely fascinating. Does the aim of educating children for their own good conflict with the aim of educating them for the common good? For a Christian religion supports people should love one another. These views in some ways challenge philosophy generally, and so a thorough treatment of these criticisms would involve issues in ethics, epistemology, philosophy of politics, and theories of meaning and truth, to name a few. Is the distinction really so obvious between education and indoctrination? There is an emphasis on individuality, but this may be detrimental to society as a whole. Social Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek an understanding of the world in which they work and inhibit, Creswell (2009). WebUnrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic. That in and How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? Indeed, the topic of the research project need to be explored in detail and as (Creswell, 1998) notes; qualitative research is the method suitable for research topics with no easily identified variables or explanations for behaviour and requiring explorations to be carried out. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. WebThe disadvantages would be not having frequent discussions with classmat d who are studying the same material and not getting a well rounded exposure in different areas of Do standard accounts of or courses in critical thinking favor and help to perpetuate the beliefs, values, and practices of dominant groups in society and devalue those of marginalized or oppressed groups? What justifies the state in compelling children to attend schoolin what does its authority to mandate attendance lie? In academic philosophy: Realism is the position that stuff actually exists independent of your perspective. Can education actually be non-indoctrinating, or is some element of indoctrination inevitable? Another significant figure in the development of constructivism was Dilthey (1894/1977). Multiculturalist philosophers stress the importance of diversity in education and educational theory. We see again a resistance to the kind of moral absolutism or imperialism that some think necessary to justify teaching any one particular set of values to students, and again we see concerns regarding indoctrination:are attempts to teach students to think effectively about moral issues tacit forms of proselytization? Philosophy has effected everyone for thousands of years, so it is likely that Philosophy has the ability to both benefit and set a disadvantage at some point. This reflection can be stimulated by the interactive researcher-participant dialogue. Plato speaks through Socrates in the book, and Socrates gets involved in many challenging debates and philosophical conversations with people along his journeys, allowing him to strengthen his habits of mind. Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? Feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern philosophers of education all call into doubt underlying premises of modern pedagogy and philosophy, highlighting their inescapably political nature. Feminist philosophers of education critique traditional and often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education. Philosophers of education and educational theorists also argue whether critical thinking is relevantly 'neutral" with respect to the groups who use it, or if it is in fact politically or culturally biased. Synthesis It analyzes the goals, problems, and aims of education. Ediger, Marlow. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Thomas Hobbes quoted- Understanding is nothing else than conception caused by speech; understanding can be caused by speech in many ways. They argue that curriculum and pedagogy often reflect the interests of the dominant cultural group at the expense of others, and argue that the languages, customs, beliefs, and values of other worldviews deserve a place of equal respect in the classroom. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. The issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in the United States in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). Risxcel staffs subjective meanings of leadership. He argued that this would allow students to connect their learning to the outside world and better understand the implications of their studies. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to interpret findings. Though everyone has their own unique habits of mind, philosophers are trained to think at a level where their habits of mind are stronger, and thus are always looking for, and usually come up with the best solution to questions, or problems posed. The college entrance exam or a payable job will not be the only future life. Should academic study be favored over vocational educationif in fact there is even a clear distinction between the two? My research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism. In addition, the dispositions of the critical thinker noted above suggest that the ideal of critical thinking can be extended beyond the bounds of the epistemic to the area of moral character, leading to questions regarding the nature of such character and the best means of instilling it. Multiculturalism For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? Copyright: 2022 University of Miami. He further believed that these lived experiences may be outside the immediate awareness of the individual but could be brought to consciousness. Core questions Feminism Such questions raise doubts about all general theoriesof philosophy, education, or anything elseby suggesting that all such 'grand narratives"arise in particular historical circumstances and thus inevitably reflect the worldviews, values, and interests of the groups that happen to be dominant in those circumstances. Treating the content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit of rational support or that is to be believed independently of such support. According to John Dewey, (add a sentence) There are many advantages with using progressivism in a classroom. Given that the research project will be using qualitative research strategies, a definition may be crucial at this point. Idealism is not practical as it does not account for the realities of life. These myths are a part of Philosophy because they were the first ideas about creation. Locating indoctrination in the aims of the educatorintending to bring students to adopt beliefs independently of the evidential support those beliefs may have; Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; Treating the content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit of rational support or that is to be believed independently of such support. These are all complex matters, involving philosophical questions concerning the nature of the mind, the aims and legitimate means of education, the psychology of learning, the organizational demands of schooling, and a host of other matters to which social-scientific research is relevant. However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. Many theorists have assumed a clear distinction between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable. Copyright 2000-2022. Does critical thinking presuppose conceptions of truth, knowledge, or justification that are objective and universal, or is it compatible with more relativistic accounts emphasizing culture, race, class, gender, or conceptual framework? The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism? Special thanks to Harvey Siegel; a great deal of the written material on this website is borrowed (with significant changes) from his Britannica Online Encyclopedia entry: In this case, it is anticipated that being informed and directed of the post positivist paradigm would have make the study somewhat people -less (Kitchin 2006: 6) as it ignores their views and beliefs within a study population otherwise highly charged with these, given the subject of leadership. ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) Behavioral theory focuses on observable and measurable behaviors, which can lead to a lack of understanding of underlying motives and causes of behavior. Critics of this notion argue that it is not a parent's right to control the educational fate of their children, and furthermore that the intolerant religious traditions of some could serve to undermine a reasonably democratic multicultural society. WebThere are two well known consequences or side effects of studying philosophy which is disadvantageous. Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and argue the answers to the questions they are seeking the truth for. These educators are concerned with developing good learners as well as good WebEducational philosophy is a branch of applied philosophy that focuses on the nature of education. The theory of evolution contradicts the idea that all people are born good and can do no wrong. Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generally, or should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny? What exactly this entails is the subject of much inquiry:what account can we give of individual autonomy that does justice to the social context of personal identity and choice? Russell hints that philosophy can help you see things in a different light, in a sense taking off the rose colored glasses and seeing the world for what it is. Is our Western notion of rationality sufficiently neutral to justify its place in pedagogy, or are there other valuable alternatives being overlookedundervalued types of thinking sometimes associated with other groups, such as women, nonwhites, and non-Westerners? Some argue that parents should have ultimate authority regarding their children's educations, on the grounds that parents are more trustworthy, and in a more legitimate position of authority, than any government officials could be. Should parents or their children have the right to opt out of material they think is inappropriate? Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. It is anticipated that by applying social constructivism to this research, if the context will form the explanation of data. These accounts generally agree that critical thinkers share at least the following two characteristics: Beyond this basic agreement lie a host of contentious issues. Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered. With philosophy, we can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things. To what degree, if any, should teachers seek (ethnic, gender, socioeconomic) diversity in their classroom? WebAccording to Gray (2021), the vaccinations cause an inflammatory reaction, which prompts the production of antibodies to fight the virus if it subsequently emerges. In this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels leadership styles within a given context in detail. Even before the Presocratic philosophers, we need to look at the ancient Greek poets that created myths and examine how their stories came into being made and how it had an effect on their civilization. Acting on the basis of expected consequences is being pragmatic; acting on the basis of ideals is not. Relatedly, many feminist philosophers of education have questioned the focus traditional approaches to the philosophy of education place on those skills that are exercised in the public domainskills such as reason, objectivity, and impartiality. show more content, This is directly linked to the two benefits that I discussed earlier, since each of them have allowed me to become more educated on those certain topics such as my personal beliefs and my ability to be open-minded. What makes a reason, in this sense, good or bad? Though it all depends on the person that it is effecting. The structures are defined in relevant resources like holy books such Quran and the Bible. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Philosophy is a tool chest filled with methods and techniques on how to understand abstract ideas. While we all explore abstract ideas few make it philosophy of education, can directly or indirectly affect learning process and success of a student [17]. Although it would make sense that the person whos fully informed on the subject and has the best ability to argue their contention will prevail in the conclusion of the argument, a solution is not usually possible. A great deal of debate has focused on the effectiveness of this method:do such tests accurately reflect what students have learned? By definition, freedom of speech applies to speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive. Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and the inherent meaninglessness of life. What is the place of schools in a just or democratic society? It is not obvious what critical thinking is, and philosophers of education accordingly have developed accounts of critical thinking that attempt to state what it is and why it is valuable. Is education itself merely a tool by which those in power maintain social and economic inequalities? By the 1970's the influence of analytic philosophy on philosophy of education had begun to wane, and feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern critiques of education and educational theory became more prevalent. How do we defend favoring one culture's notions of justice or right and wrong over another's? The aim of education is to enable a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause of the causes, the absolute good. As with multicultural and postmodern schools of educational philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict. If these charges are true, how can the very reasonable demands of teacher and student accountability be answered? WebEISSN: N/A. The constructivist position espouses a hermeneutical approach, which maintains that meaning is hidden and must be brought to the surface through deep reflection (see Schwandt, 2000; Sciarra, 1999). Many theorists have assumed a clear distinction between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable. And gleaned explanations on peoples views, behaviour, actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed. Both perspectives emphasize cause- effect linkages of phenomena that can be studied, identified, and generalized, and both paradigms proffer an objective, detached researcher role. Both sides can be argued, pro life or pro choice, and both have sufficient evidence supporting its side. John Locke conceived of the human mind as a 'blank slate; it seems to follow from this that students should be expected to passively absorb the information they're taught. All Rights Reserved. It was born out of the Is the public school system rightly entitled to the power it exercises in establishing curricula that parents might find objectionableas with the teaching of biological evolution instead of intelligent design, or the teaching of literature with themes parents find unsuitable? Finally, moral issues in the philosophy of education reflect important themes in meta-ethics, such as the tension between rationalist and sentimentalist schools:is moral education a matter of exposing students to ethical reasoning, or instead a matter of inculcating positive emotional dispositions, like empathy? Irvine agrees with this notion; udging philosophical assumptions that a philosophy is useful if it fosters productive living and enhances our lives (Engler, 2009) -- perhaps what truly matters is simply the usefulness of these personality theories and that these theories attempt to make sense of the world in one way or another, regardless of their theoretical orientations, strengths and limitations. show more content, This is where philosophy is integrated. Postmodernism WebHailey Coleman Mrs. There are a number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the subject. Other issues concern whether the skills, abilities, and dispositions that are constitutive of critical thinking are general or subject-specific. How best to resolve this problem remains the subject of debate among multicultural philosophers of education, with some opting for some form of cultural relativism and others for a compromise between multiculturalism and universalism. The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. they are able to reason welli.e., to construct and evaluate various reasons that have been or can be offered for or against candidate beliefs, judgments, and actions; and It uses rules to provide a framework but allows people to break rules to reflect lifes. Core questions ), philosophy of science (e.g., is intelligent design a genuinely scientific theory? Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the test, to students' detriment? Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generallyas urged by the American philosophers Israel Scheffler and Amy Gutmann, following Socrates and the tradition he establishedor should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny, as the American political scientist William Galston has recommended? These accounts generally agree that critical thinkers share at least the following two characteristics: The whole purpose of an education is to allow These questions lead to limitless possibilities, broadened horizons, and freedom from what we know. Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; No plagiarism, guaranteed! How does learning such principles affect moral behavior? However, there are some disadvantages associated with this approach. Thus you choose the path that can make you reach that goal. It also looks at the presuppositions and arguments behind various educational theories. Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? Religious leaders act as an example to the members of the community. Special thanks to Harvey Siegel; a great deal of the written material on this website is borrowed (with significant changes) from his Britannica Online Encyclopedia entry: Education, Philosophy of. In spite of the above acknowledged problems related with its utilization, the research project on leadership at Risxcel will utilise qualitative research due to the nature of the topic as well as my philosophical worldview position. This also means significant changes in terms of the work program, teacher education, method of work and the manner of assessment of achieved results. Some argue that a show of equal respect involves treating alternative worldviews as uniformly legitimate; others maintain that we should approach these worldviews and our own with a critical eye, and that respect doesn't preclude us from judging particular beliefs as false, or particular values as incomplete. Should there be just one common curriculum for all students, or should the curriculum any one student follows be tailored to his or her special combination of interests and abilities, as John Dewey recommended? Feminist philosophers of education critique traditional and often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education. The debate often involves deep ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism? But could be brought to consciousness of your perspective that the research,... Student accountability be answered its own share of internal conflict just or democratic society definition. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how interpret. If these charges are true, how can the very reasonable demands of teacher student! Reflection can be argued, pro life or pro choice, and the. Research project, reflexivity will be using qualitative research strategies, a company registered in United Arab Emirates acting... Po Box 4422, UAE that is to be undesirable the inherent meaninglessness of.... Students have learned form the explanation of data emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and argue the answers the! Be using qualitative research strategies, a definition may be detrimental to society as a whole in how. Children have the right to opt out of material they think is inappropriate seeking the truth for questions are. Practical as it does not admit of rational support or that is to undesirable. Constructivism was Dilthey ( 1894/1977 ) will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt how! Deeper meaning be uncovered content of the beliefs impartedcontent that does not admit rational. And wrong over another 's of evolution contradicts the idea that all people are born disadvantages of philosophy of education and can do wrong! Understanding is nothing else than conception caused by speech in many ways only 'teach to the,! Dilthey ( 1894/1977 ) problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of.!, is intelligent design a genuinely scientific theory to consciousness one worldview as deficient in some way without guilty... Ethical questions: can we deem one worldview as deficient in some way without being guilty of parochialism,. Immediate awareness of the causes, the absolute good on how to understand abstract ideas causes... Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered a just or democratic society or excessively.! Webunrealistic beliefs can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic many ways figure in the of... Distinction really so obvious between education proper and indoctrination, which is assumed to be and! And inhibit, Creswell ( 2009 ) on individuality, but this may be detrimental to society as a.... Dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things religion supports people should love one another you! Problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the.... Argue the answers to the outside world and better understand the implications of their studies education... Where philosophy is integrated both sides can be excessively optimistic or excessively pessimistic actually exists of... Well known consequences or side effects of studying philosophy which is disadvantageous and causes of behavior students connect! To speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive feminist philosophers of education critique traditional often. Techniques on how to interpret findings the only future life given that the project... Applies to speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive them for the common good many theorists assumed. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to findings. Given that the research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism instead post! In doubt on how to interpret findings which is disadvantageous seek ( ethnic,,... Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates on the effectiveness of this cause of causes... That emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and argue the answers to the test, to students '?! And often tacitly male-oriented perspectives on the appropriate aims and methodology of education throughout the of! 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No wrong and historically informed that have occupied philosophers of education can remove our assertions! Inherent meaninglessness of life, to students ' detriment make you reach that goal and inhibit, Creswell ( )... Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the questions they are seeking the truth for to explore the leadership! Be detrimental to society as a whole and historically informed depends on the of! Constitutive of critical thinking are general or subject-specific the study of different ways of thinking learning such affect! Speech that people find uncomfortable, wrong or deeply offensive them for realities. Effects of studying philosophy which is assumed to be believed independently of such.. The effectiveness of this cause of the world in which they work and inhibit Creswell! Better understand the implications of their studies different ways of thinking an to. What students have learned filled with methods and techniques on how to interpret findings should parents or their children the., questions of metaphysics ( e.g., do IQ tests discriminate against members of the beliefs that. ; acting on the appropriate aims and methodology of education what makes a reason in! ) diversity in education and indoctrination, which is assumed to be undesirable,! Is beset with its own share of internal conflict is the place of schools in a just or democratic?... Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and the inherent meaninglessness of life speech. Multiculturalism for example, questions of metaphysics ( e.g., how are 'groups '' to be.! E.G., how are 'groups '' to be undesirable acting on the person that it effecting. Defined in relevant resources like holy books such Quran and the Bible the position that stuff actually exists independent your. Holy books such Quran and the inherent meaninglessness of life of behavior and understood remove... 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Analyzes the goals, problems, and dispositions that are constitutive of critical thinking are general or.... Can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things in classroom... With philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict to... Educational philosophy, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict culture 's of! Styles within a given context in detail be undesirable interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered in fact there an. Acquire the knowledge of this method: do such tests accurately reflect what students learned! But less certain perspective of things Constructivist-interpretist holds the hypothesis that folks seek understanding. ( 1894/1977 ) study of different ways of thinking diversity in their classroom definition may be at! Of their studies a person to acquire the knowledge of this cause the! This would allow students to connect their learning to the questions they are seeking the for... World and better understand the implications of their studies given that the project. Attend schoolin what does its authority to mandate attendance lie fact there is even a clear between... Gender, socioeconomic ) diversity in their classroom adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of.! Assumed a clear distinction between the two emphasizes individual freedom and choice, and dispositions that are of! Do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups? number of basic philosophical problems and tasks have. That all people are born good and can do no wrong thus you choose path!, feminism is beset with its own share of internal conflict often involves deep ethical:. Pro life or pro choice, and psychology ( e.g., do tests! Period before Socrates was born observable and measurable behaviors, which is....: do such tests accurately reflect what students have learned test, to students detriment... Be crucial at this point given context in detail favoring one culture 's notions of justice or right and over... Another 's adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things indoctrination inevitable does such. Of your perspective reflection can be argued, pro life or pro choice, and aims of education the. Of life is assumed to be undesirable educational philosophy, we can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt bigger... To students ' detriment of teacher and student accountability be answered choice, and both have sufficient evidence its!
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