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8 chapters | After James Garfield was assassinated in 1881, Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States. [204] His health limited his activity with the firm, and Arthur served only of counsel. [133] Judge John R. Brady of the New York Supreme Court administered the oath of office in Arthur's home at 2:15a.m. on September 20. [187], The Arthur administration was challenged by changing relations with western Native American tribes. Nell Arthur died of pneumonia at age 42, less than two years before her husband became president. Prior to the Brooklyn Bridge opening celebration, President Arthur's health had been deteriorating. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a slightly negative reputation, which stemmed from his early career in politics as part of New York's Republican political machine. [164] Legislation required to bring the treaty into force failed in the House, however, rendering it a dead letter. The Senate ratifies the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the care of wounded war personnel. Important event: Chester Arthur (1829-1886), the 21st U.S. president, took office after the death of President James Garfield (1831-1881). As a young boy, he attended schools in Perry and Greenwich, New York, before enrolling at the Union College in 1845. [160] Republicans considered the law a success at the time, but later concluded that it contributed to their loss of seats in the elections of 1882. Why Did Zachary Taylor Oppose the Compromise of 1850? Major Events During Arthur's Presidency As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Civil Service Reform Limiting Immigration Building a Modern Navy Arthur also. (He suffered from Bright's disease, a then-fatal kidney ailment.) The bridge was an engineering marvel, utilizing numerous construction techniques that had never before been attempted on such a massive scale. Let's look at each of these in a bit more detail. [73] Murphy's unpopularity only increased as he replaced workers loyal to Senator Reuben Fenton's faction of the Republican party with those loyal to Conkling's. (5) $55.11. [86], Hayes entered office with a pledge to reform the patronage system; in 1877, he and Treasury Secretary John Sherman made Conkling's machine the primary target. His first son died suddenly when he was only three years old. [15], In 1828, the family moved again, to Fairfield, where Chester Alan Arthur was born the following year; he was the fifth of nine children. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). [197] He kept up a token effort, believing that to drop out would cast doubt on his actions in office and raise questions about his health, but by the time the convention began in June, his defeat was assured. [138], Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy, served as White House hostess for her widowed brother;[138] Arthur became Washington's most eligible bachelor and his social life became the subject of rumors, though romantically, he remained singularly devoted to the memory of his late wife. VintageGiftHouse. [10], The Arthurs moved to Vermont after the birth of their first child, Regina. Chester Alan Arthur 21st President of the United States (September 19, 1881 to March 3, 1885) Nickname: "The Gentleman Boss"; "Elegant Arthur" Born: October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont Died: November 18, 1886, in New York, New York. "[4] [130] Twenty-nine days before his execution for shooting Garfield, Guiteau composed a lengthy, unpublished poem claiming that Arthur knew the assassination had saved "our land [the United States]". [81] Nevertheless, the movement for civil service reform continued to chip away at Conkling's patronage machine; in 1874 Custom House employees were found to have improperly assessed fines against an importing company as a way to increase their own incomes, and Congress reacted, repealing the moiety system and putting the staff, including Arthur, on regular salaries. Born in an read more, Ellen Arthur (1837-80) was the wife of Chester A. Arthur, 21st president of the United States, though she never served as first lady because she died of pneumonia before her husband assumed office. "Charles Guiteau's reasons for assassinating President Garfield, 1882 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History", "James K Polk: Life After the Presidency", "In the Encampment at the Reunion at Ashland", "Original Civil War Officer Members of MOLLUS", "Where a President Took the Oath, Indifference May Become Official", "The Diaries of Malvina Arthur: Windows Into The Past of Our 21st President", "The Mystery of Chester Alan Arthur's Birthplace", "Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science", "Republican State Committee: Gen. Chester A. Arthur Elected Chairman Campaign Plans", "Organization of the Republican State Committee", "The New Administration; President Arthur Formally Inaugurated", "The Loyal Legion: Meeting Last Night; President Arthur Elected to Membership", "Leading Officials: The Three Principal Officers in the Nebraska Posts", "Sister of Arthur Dead: Mrs. Regina M. Caw Was Born In Dunham, Canada in 1822", "Sister of Late President Arthur Dies at Age of 87", "Mrs. John E. McElroy Dead: Sister of Late President Arthur Succumbs in Atlantic City", "Another Sister for Chester: Almeda Arthur Masten", "Supreme Court Nominations, present-1789", "Puzzles in Pop Culture: Die Hard With a Vengeance", "Historical Summary of Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Posts by State: Wisconsin", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Essays on Chester Arthur and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chester_A._Arthur&oldid=1133648013, Regina (18221910), the wife of William G. Caw, a grocer, banker, and community leader of, Almeda (18251899), the wife of James H. Masten who served as postmaster of Cohoes and publisher of the, Ann (18281915), a career educator who taught school in New York and worked in, Malvina (18321920), the wife of Henry J. Haynesworth who was an official of the, William (18341915), a medical school graduate who became a career Army officer and paymaster, he was wounded during his Civil War service. The Democratic National Convention meets in Chicago, nominating Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks for President and vice president, respectively. They existed from the 1870s until Arthur became president in 1881, at which point Conkling was no longer a force, and Arthur had reformed the Civil Service. Arthur takes office as vice president in the presidential administration of James Garfield. [59], Arthur's political prospects improved along with his law practice when his patron, ex-Governor Morgan, was elected to the United States Senate. The son of a Baptist preacher who had emigrated from northern Ireland, Chester A. Arthur was America's 21st President (1881-1885), succeeding President James A. Garfield upon his assassination. Chester Alan Arthur was diagnosed with kidney disease in 1982.. Later Life. On September 21, he returned to Long Branch to take part in Garfield's funeral, and then joined the funeral train to Washington. [223] Since 1944 it has been the location of Kalustyan's Spice Emporium. Arthur was a member of the Republican Party. Chester A. Arthur For seven years, Arthur served as the collector of the port of New York. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of . [161], During the Garfield administration, Secretary of State James G. Blaine attempted to invigorate United States diplomacy in Latin America, urging reciprocal trade agreements and offering to mediate disputes among the Latin American nations. This man was Chester A. Arthur. Arthur issues a proclamation recommending the observance of the 100th anniversary of General George Washington returning his commission as commander-in-chief to the Continental Congress. Being obscure, he is not counted among the Presidents whom . Arthur also worked to outlaw polygamy in Utah, opposed the exclusion of Chinese and modernized the Navy. Journalist Alexander McClure wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe. [158] While Arthur was not opposed to internal improvements, the scale of the bill disturbed him, as did its narrow focus on "particular localities," rather than projects that benefited a larger part of the nation. Political corruption permeated American . They preferred the government spend more on internal improvements and reduce excise taxes. [200] The Senate confirmed the nomination but, as expected, Conkling declined it,[200] the last time a confirmed nominee declined an appointment. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. [143] Conkling expected Arthur to appoint him in Blaine's place, but the President chose Frederick T. Frelinghuysen of New Jersey, a Stalwart recommended by ex-President Grant. [57] The couple took their son's death hard, and when they had another son, Chester Alan Jr., in 1864, they lavished attention on him. The United States and Luxembourg conclude an extradition treaty in New York. Although he still objected to this denial of entry to Chinese laborers, Arthur acceded to the compromise measure, signing the Chinese Exclusion Act into law on May 6, 1882. As president from 1881 to 1885, Arthur advocated for civil service reform. Arthur became a member of the New York State Militia in the late 1850s, although he never saw combat. [90], Hayes further struck at the heart of the spoils system by issuing an executive order that forbade assessments, and barred federal office holders from "tak[ing] part in the management of political organizations, caucuses, conventions, or election campaigns. (22) $121.72. Arthur left office in 1885 and returned to his New York City home. The family remained in Fairfield until 1832. [49], In 1861, Arthur was appointed to the military staff of Governor Edwin D. Morgan as engineer-in-chief. [10] William Arthur became an outspoken abolitionist, which often made him unpopular with some members of his congregations and contributed to the family's frequent moves. Chester Arthur was born in North Fairfield, Vermont. Typically, these jobs were dispensed to adherents of the political machine responsible for appointing the Collector. For years, government jobs in the United States had been distributed via the spoils system. The act is designed to ban companies from importing immigrant workers to break strikes and drive down wages. Following the war, he devoted more time to New York Republican politics and quickly rose in Senator Roscoe Conkling's political organization. [214] On April 5, 1882, Arthur was elected to the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) as a Third Class Companion (insignia number 02430[215]), the honorary membership category for militia officers and civilians who made significant contributions to the war effort. [43] The argument was successful, and after several appeals was upheld by the New York Court of Appeals in 1860. He was the fifth of eight children born to William Arthur, a Baptist minister, and Malvina Stone Arthur. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Major Events of Presidency: Chinese Exclusion Act passed. Copyright 2022. [50] Arthur was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned to the state militia's quartermaster department. The act will be renewed regularly into the twentieth century. On the 36th ballot, James Garfield, a Civil War general and congressman from Ohiowas chosen as the compromise candidate. Vice President Chester A. Arthur becomes the twenty-first President of the United States The assassin, Guiteau, will be hanged on June 30, 1882. He became a lawyer, served as an engineer in the American Civil War, and later became Collector of the Port of New York, where he was responsible for supervising the collecting of import duties on goods coming into the United States. [198] Arthur telegraphed his congratulations to Blaine and accepted his defeat with equanimity. [174], In his 1881 annual message, Arthur advocated a stronger Navy. That treaty allowed only a "reasonable" suspension of immigration. [35] One of his first teachers said Arthur was a boy "frank and open in manners and genial in disposition. Arthur, a Republican, had been vice president for 199 days when he succeeded to the presidency. [144] Finally, when Interior Secretary Samuel J. Kirkwood resigned that same month, Arthur appointed Henry M. Teller, a Colorado Stalwart to the office. [186] The administration faced a different challenge in the West, where the LDS Church was under government pressure to stop the practice of polygamy in Utah Territory. [39] While studying law, he continued teaching, moving closer to home by taking a job at a school in North Pownal, Vermont. When Arthur was nominated for vice president in 1880, a New York attorney and political opponent, Arthur P. Hinman, initially speculated that Arthur was born in Ireland and did not come to the United States until he was fourteen years old. [172] The nation's military focus over the fifteen years before Garfield and Arthur's election had been on the Indian wars in the Western United States, rather than the high seas, but as the region was increasingly pacified, many in Congress grew concerned at the poor state of the Navy. An Ohio native, Grant graduated from West Point and fought in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Congress passes a bill mandating the use of the census for determining congressional representation, a move which increases the number of representatives in Congress to 325. Under this system, elected officials rewarded their supporters with political appointments in their administrations. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. 10. Having become friendly with Murphy over their shared love of horses during summer vacations on the Jersey Shore, in July of that year, Grant appointed him to the Collector's position. 1885 and returned to his New York Republican politics and quickly rose in Senator Roscoe Conkling 's political.... War general and congressman from Ohiowas chosen as the Compromise candidate in 1861, Arthur advocated a stronger Navy Brady! 10 ], in his 1881 annual message, Arthur advocated for civil service reform manners genial... A. 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