turkish airlines flight 981 passenger list

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turkish airlines flight 981 passenger list

Turkish Airlines Flight 981 | Mayday TV Show Air Wiki | Fandom in: DC-10, Crash, Plane Who Crash In Disaster Turkish Airlines Flight 981 View source Personagem Gallery Fact Categories Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted. Mr. Ahmed Simsek, 19, student Turkish Airlines flight 981 was a scheduled flight of the Turkish airline Turkish Airlines from Istanbul to London Heathrow with a stopover at Paris-Orly Airport.The wide-body aircraft of the type McDonnell Douglas DC-10 with the aircraft registration TC-JAV and the name Ankara took off on Sunday, March 3, 1974 around noon from Paris-Orly. Furthermore, they would only have to put up 10% of that cost right away; the US Export-Import Bank would give them a special low-interest loan to cover the rest. As Lannier rolled up beside a fire truck near the intersection of two dirt tracks deep in the forest, a firemen emerged and told him: Bodies all over the place, like. The supervisor explained that this was a common occurrence, and that it was not dangerous since the pressure would force the vent door into its frame once the plane started climbing. It was too late, however, and 72 seconds after the initial door hatch gave way, the plane slammed into the trees of Ermenonville Forest, a state-owned forest at Bosquet de Dammartin, in the commune of Fontaine-Chaalis, Oise. Miss Patricia Margaret Rogers, 46, company 4irector If the latches were not properly closed, the pins would strike the torque tube flanges and the handle would remain open, visually indicating a problem. After the crash of Flight 981, the latching system was completely redesigned. Select a stopover airport from the list below to see which airlines operate flights from RUH to PLW, and to see what flight schedules are available. 177 passengers and four crew members came from the United Kingdom. Refresh the page,. By the second half of the 1960s, famed aircraft manufacturer Douglas was in trouble. Four of the five crew members and 62 of the 68 passengers were killed. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, TC-JAV, the aircraft destroyed in the accident, taxiing at. Mr. Hiroshi Shiraki, 23, trading company management trainee The plane began to descend and fall rapidly. As a result, the layover increased from the normal one hour to one hour and thirty minutes. There were a number of other things wrong with the cargo door on fuselage #29 as well. Mr. Peter Jeremy Green, 27, married, two children, farmer It has never been conclusively determined whether these improper adjustments were made by McDonnell Douglas or Turkish Airlines. Miss Sukran Mihlar, 17, student In the case of a plug door, this actually seals the door more tightly. Another plane, fuselage #47, was later found to have the exact same issues, indicating that it was not an isolated incident. Mr. John Frederick Slater, 33, married, steward and his wife Gloria, 31, and their daughter Nadine Nicolas, 4 The control cables for the rear control surfaces of the DC-10 were routed under the floor. Mr. Ernest John Gri0n, 42, married, five children, engineer You can get information about APIS (Advanced Passenger Information System) through this page. Mr. Mehmet Birc.an, 36, hotel waiter Any faster and the plane could break apart in midair. [2] But a cargo door that is also a plug door would be impractical because of its size, which greatly increases the forces it would have to withstand, and because a cargo door that opens inward would severely decrease the amount of available cargo space. 16 passengers and three crew members came from France. The investigation into the Aeroflot crash in Russia last year so far hasn't turned up any evidence that passengers retrieving luggage slowed down the evacuation, despite widespread speculation that this contributed to the high death toll. Changes had also been made to the warning light switch, so that it would turn off the cockpit warning light even if the handle was not fully closed. A holding company in Japan had purchased six DC-10s with the expectation that they could up-sell them to All Nippon Airways; but due to some kind of backroom deal, that airline decided to buy the Lockheed L-1011 instead. Mr, Mohamed Saad Chaouni, 22, student, New ZEALAND Although French media outlets called for Mahmoudi to be arrested, the crash investigators stated that it was unrealistic to expect an untrained, low-paid baggage handler who could not read the warning sticker to be responsible for the safety of the aircraft. Only 167 passengers were aboard the 345 seat DC-10, 50 of those scheduled to get off in Paris. Were they linked? The overspeed warning began to blare as the plane accelerated through 362 knots. The DEADLIEST CRASH of its time | Turkish Airlines flight 981 - YouTube 0:00 / 28:03 The DEADLIEST CRASH of its time | Turkish Airlines flight 981 Mentour Pilot 1.37M subscribers 1.3M views 1. Mr. Ivor John Bradley, 46, married, two children, marketing director Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 (also known as the Poldercrash [6] or the Schiphol Polderbaan incident) was a passenger flight that crashed during landing at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, the Netherlands, on 25 February 2009, resulting in the deaths of nine passengers and crew, including all three pilots. The characteristics of the design of the mechanism made it possible for the vent door to be apparently closed and the cargo door apparently locked when in fact the latches were not fully closed and the lock pins were not in place. Dedicated in memory of the victims and their families affected by the crash of Turkish Airlines, Flight 981 in Paris, France, 1974. He learned that on a stop in Turkey, the ground crews had trouble closing the door. Turkish sources said that 15 Turks were on board. But doing so would be costly, and besides, in McDonnell Douglass view it was the baggage handlers fault. Mr. Thomas William Addis, 71, widower, four children, retired driver there are 9 airlines operating flights between the two destinations and approximately 55 flights take off from Ibiza to Zagreb every week. Mr. Robert William Wallis, 30, married, one child, student An outward-opening hatch, however, relies entirely upon its latch to prevent it from opening in flight. Among the British passengers were members of an amateur rugby team from Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, who were returning from attending a Five Nations match between France and England. Home; About Air Flight Disaster; About George; Air Crash Consultants; Legal. Following its introduction, McDonnell Douglas received frequent reports of problems with the rear cargo door, especially its electric latch actuators. [1] All 346 people on board were killed in the accident. TK981 went on to become the deadliest single aircraft crash for over a decade, until the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123[4] in 1985, which became the single deadliest aircraft disaster, holding a death toll of 520. 2 each from Australia, Hungary, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore. Pathus. It was immediately obvious that nobody could have survived the crash, but how many people had in fact died was a question that would not be answered quickly. Date March 3, 1974, located at Orly Airport, Paris, France. This was especially problematic given that the mechanism was extremely weak, and the torque tube would bend under as little as 80 pounds (355 Newtons) of force, well within the capability of the average human. Mr. Elfryn Lloyd, 46, married, five children, aeronautical designer On the morning of the 3rd, one such flight that had many empty seats was THY Turkish Airlines flight 981, service from Istanbul to London via Paris. Mr. Stuart Frank King, 19, salesman Known as the "Ermenonville air disaster", from the forest where the aircraft crashed, the accident resulted in the deaths of all 346 on board. These findings concurred with statements made by Mohammed Mahmoudi, the baggage handler who had closed the door on Flight 981; he noted that no particular amount of force was needed to close the locking handle. In this case, the airline did not have a ground engineer on duty at the time of the accident, and the flight engineer for Flight 981 failed to check the door personally. Flying out of its hub at the new Istanbul Airport, it has nearly 400 aircraft at its disposal which reach all corners of the world. The 747 had a small plug-type vent door within the cargo door, which was driven closed by the lock tube itself; if the lock tube did not fully extend, the vent door would not close, indicating that the door was not locked. Mr. Kazuyuki Kembo, 23, trading company management trainee The passenger doors on the DC-10 are plug doors, designed to prevent their opening while the aircraft is pressurised. Meanwhile, back in 1972, engineers at the Convair division of General Dynamics, which Douglas had contracted to manufacture the fuselage and doors according to its specifications, began to express concern about the design of the aircrafts floor. Because of a known design flaw left uncorrected before and after the production of DC-10s, the cargo hatches did not latch reliably, and manual procedures were relied upon to ensure they were locked correctly. [2] The plane, owned by Mitsui, was originally to be purchased by All Nippon Airways, but the Japanese airline declined the aircraft in favor of the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. Passengers stuck at the airport as a result of the strike bought tickets to the first plane that could take them back to London, THY 981. Ms. Monique Lezay, 33, divorced, five children, clerk The design that they came up with worked something like this. The aircraft is carrying 167 passengers, most of whom are Turkish. To verify this Passenger list, you can visit the website aerosteles which provides a detail of the monument. After the disaster, the latches were redesigned and the locking system significantly upgraded. The plane had to stay 30 minutes more at the airport as a result. Its anger was justified by recent history. However, the depressurization of the cargo hold would not have been catastrophic were it not for one critical side effect. There was nothing actually wrong with Applegates argument, he wrote in his official reply the possibility of failure was real, as was the likelihood that Convair would be held liable in the event of a crash. Mr. Peter Graham Morris, 29, married, lawyer THY Flight 981 was not as lucky as Flight 96: it crashed in a forest in France, and none of the 346 people onboard survived. And so, while it is true that flying today is much safer than it was in 1974 passengers today need not worry about their planes crashing because of badly designed doors the same basic factors that led to the DC-10 cargo door saga still exist and still cause accidents. Due to their shape, when the latches were in the proper position, internal pressure on the hatch did not place any torque on them that could cause them to open; they actually seated further onto the pins. Mr. Necmettin Senyurt, 24, engineer if it had crashed with 11 crew and 117 passengers being lost, not 11 crew and 335 passengers or would the 215 fewer passengers have made a difference? Bring it up, pull her nose up! Berkz yelled. To lock the door, a ground handler pushes down on a handle on the outside of the door. Mahmoudi had been told that this was the responsibility of the Turkish Airlines ground engineer who was permanently stationed at Orly Airport. McDonnell Douglas lobbied them extremely hard, insisting that they couldnt miss out on this opportunity, and offered them 20% less than the usual asking price. It was proven by tests that the door subsequently yielded to about 15psi (100kPa) of pressure, in contrast to the 300psi (2,100kPa) that it had been designed to withstand.[11]. The considerable expense of retroactively changing the floor design could thus be placed on Convair. The second leg of the flight from Paris to London was normally underbooked. These had been his last words. 21 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 21 Turkish Airlines Flight 981 Premium High Res Photos Browse 21 turkish airlines flight 981 stock photos and images available or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. So was it THY that mis-rigged the cargo door after the Americans went home? On March 3, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville forest outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. Mrs. Tamar Bouhadana, 31, married, two children, fashion designer . But disaster was undoubtedly inevitable. The cabin consisted of eight flight attendants. Mr. John Anthony Law-Wright, 33, married, two children, engineer and his wife Susan Vanessa, 28 Before American Airlines flight 96 departed Detroit on June 12th, 1972, baggage handler William Eggert loaded the coffin and several bags into the rear cargo hold, then moved to close the door. With the rudder pedals jammed, he had to turn left using the ailerons instead, putting the plane into an awkward crab-like attitude as it streaked through the sky. However, the loss of the door resulted in pilots losing access to critical parts of the plane, including the rudder, elevator, and engine two. More ceiling panels came crashing down as they bounced over the grass, clattering into the aisles between rows of passengers hunched over in the brace position, expecting the worst. However, he closed the door with excessive force. Mr, Lionel James Ware, 28, married, two children, helicopter engineer Mr. Norikazu Morikawa, 22, bank management trainee of 1 The new 1220 sqm Stay Spa spans an entire floor with nine treatment rooms, an indoor spa pool, adjoining hot tub, Turkish bath, and wooden sauna, and using all vegan and organic spa products. Mr. Ernesto Justo, 25, head waiter, SWEDISH (Unstated in either memo was the fact that Convair had little choice but to agree to Douglass design decisions.) . Miss Betty Franqoise Wormser, 21, student, Mr. Omer Faruk Afir, 21, student Mr. Paul Raymond, 28, lecturer On 3 March, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10[1] operating the flight suffered an explosive decompression and crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, shortly after it had left Paris. Miss Keko Kanai, 23, student Mr. Peter John Withers, 38, married, three children, company director The airlines pressed hard for the features they wanted, knowing that the manufacturers could not refuse for fear of losing the order, and both companies scrambled to design and build all the thousands of pieces that go into an airliner in as short a time as possible. Flight 981's captain was Nejat Berkz, age 44, with 7,000 flying hours. Five minutes after the crash, local police Captain Jacques Lannier was having lunch with his family at the Officers Club in the nearby village of Senlis when he received a phone call from his personal assistant: apparently a plane had gone down in the Ermenonville Forest. We prepare articles, quizes and media items related with aviation field by detailed search and hard work. As Captain McCormick steered his plane slowly back toward Detroit, he knew that they were in a delicate situation. At that time, American flight safety officials detected the problem in the cargo door of the DC-10 aircraft and reported it to the relevant units. But the change was voluntary, and airlines were slow to adopt it; by the time of the flight 96 incident, American Airlines had yet to fit the new wire to its DC-10 cargo doors. Mr. Bryan Graham Ellis, 3S, married, two children, company director (How baggage handlers were supposed to know whether they were applying more or less than 50 pounds of force was not explained.) Nine passengers were never identified. Mr. Mario Jorge de Souza Castanon, 26, architect Therefore, a failure of the hatch that resulted in a collapse of the floor could impair the controls. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a regularly scheduled flight from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to London Heathrow Airport with an intermediate stop in Paris at Orly Airport. and 1 each from Belgium, Cyprus, West Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Ireland, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and South Vietnam. Mr. John Winston Winterton, 63, married, three children, industrialist and his wife Winifred, 61, company director It was normally the duty of either the airliner's flight engineer or the chief ground engineer of Turkish Airlines to ensure that all cargo and passenger doors were securely closed before takeoff. 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. The latch of the DC-10 is a study in human factors, interface design, and engineering responsibility. The post-crash fires were small, as there were few large pieces of the aircraft left intact to burn. Mr. Otto Sigmund Kohnstamm, 72, married, one child, doctor and his wife Winifred, 51, secretary Mr. Ronald Charles Frederick Beasley, 56, married, one child, merchant and his wife May Florence, 54 TK981 was scheduled to fly from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stop in Paris Orly airport. A McDonnell Douglas DC-10, flying as American Airlines Flight 96, had experienced an explosive decompression in the aft cargo hold in June 1972. Mrs. Georgina Evelyn Byatt, 46, married, one child, teacher Her companion, who had herself been thrown to the ground by the force of the blast, came to her aid, and together they managed to scramble to safety. Problems are to be expected when any new plane first enters service, and the DC-10 was certainly no exception. Now I see its over, love has arrived, I am touched forever, Eyvallah (Richard Bolai Copyright 2010). And even worse, it hid this knowledge from the FAA. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 Would Turkish Airlines Flight 981 have had such an effect that it did? But the vent door didnt quite close, so Eggert called over his supervisor for advice. All Seats. Both flights experienced uncontrolled explosive decompression when the cargo door latches failed. The pins were pushed into place by an operating handle on the outside of the hatch. Mrs. Sylvia Mary Beaumont Roch, 61, married, one child Turkish Airlines flight 981, a 4th most catastrophic aviation disaster in history, was caused by serious flaw by McDonnell Douglas, and this only disaster made a serious impact on aviation market, also the existence of the McDonnell Douglas company. One easy way to do this is to create a plug door, which opens inward and is bigger than its frame, causing the interior pressure to force it ever more tightly closed as the plane climbs; such a door is all but impossible to open in flight. Turkish 981 air crash civil aviation disasters PSA 182 Delta N3305L United 173 Eastern 401 Turkish 981 BEA 548 Capitol N4909C KLM 4805 / Pan Am 1736 Air New Zealand 901 It was March of 1974 and British European Airways ground crews had gone on strike. Mr. Ali Nihat Koz, 66, married, two children, engineer and his daughter Mevhibe, 17, student On March 3, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville forest outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. June 4, 2008 in Passenger manifest | Tags: Bruno Druesne, Paris Ermenonville tragedy | by Richard Bolai | 20 comments. The cargo hatch, however, is not. 167 passengers flew on the Istanbul to Paris leg, and 50 of them disembarked in Paris. As a result, the NTSB now communicates directly with the FAA regarding the former's recommendations for safety improvements, and the FAA may issue Airworthiness Directives based on those recommendations. The concept of over-centering is found most commonly in a household light switch: once the switch is pushed past the center point, it will slip into the opposite detent, and only a new force equal to the original force will push it back. An improper adjustment had been made to the locking pin and warning light mechanism, however, causing the locking pin travel to be reduced. The sudden difference between the air pressure in the cargo area and the pressurised passenger cabin above it, which amounted to 2 pounds per square inch or 14 kilopascals, caused a section of the cabin floor above the open hatch to fail and blow out through the hatch, along with six occupied passenger seats attached to the floor section. Mr. Edwin William Wardley, 46, married, five children, leather merchant The fully intact bodies of the six passengers who were ejected from the aircraft were found along with the plane's rear hatch, all having landed in a turnip field near Saint-Pathus, approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) south of where the remainder of the plane would crash. AC Power. Read more about this topic: Turkish Airlines Flight 981. Mr. Trevor Vincent Dangerfield, 37, married, company director Mr. David Lewis Cowell, 36, married, one child, farm products representative In order to move the DC-10s massive control surfaces, the pilots inputs are transferred throughout the plane by means of mechanical cables which feed their commands to an array of hydraulic actuators. FAA Reauthorization Act; FAA Reauthorization Summary; #MH370 Definition of Underwater Search Areas Dec Select a stopover airport from the list below to see which airlines operate flights from POZ to FRL, and to see what flight schedules are available. Mr. Roy Bacon, 32, married, two children, secondhand dea1er Mr. Roman Wojciech Filipkiewicz, 63, married, two children, petroleum engineer Mr. John Hanessian, Jr 49, married, four children, professor The first leg from IST to ORY went smoothly, with a flying time of four hours. Mr. Ladislas Mayer, 42, married, two children, aeronautical engineer First Officer Oral Ulusman, 38, had 5,600 hours flying time, and Flight Engineer Erhan zer, 37, had 2,120 flying hours experience. To stay competitive they needed something new, and in late 1967 American Airlines offered just what they were looking for. If the hatch were to fail for any reason, there was a very high probability the plane would be lost. Pour les visiteurs souhaitant soumettre des documentations, des commentaires ou crer un contact avec les familles de victimes, merci de cliquer ici Miss Franoise Bernard, 2l, student The aircraft almost immediately attained a 20-degree, nose-down attitude, and started picking up speed, while Captain Berkz and First Officer Ulusman struggled to regain control. As of 6 December 2015, Flight 981 is still the deadliest single-plane accident with no survivors. Upon closing the DC-10s cargo door, hook-shaped latches attached to the bottom of the door grasp round latch spools attached to the doorframe. But instead of considering whether the design of the door itself was flawed, Douglas blamed the failure on human error by a mechanic. TC-JAV, the DC-10 involved in the accident in 1973, one year before the crash, Plane Crash Turkish Airlines flight 981 Dc 10; YouTube, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Airlines_Flight_981&oldid=8339797, Cargo door failure due to aircraft design flaw leading to. Mr. Yasushi Kohama, 23, bank management trainee As a result, the layover increased from the normal one hour to one hour and thirty minutes. This greatly contrasted with Flight 981, where all of the underfloor cables were severed in the decompression, and the pilots lost all control of their plane. Turkish Airlines Boeing 777 Landing in Hong Kong Airport. Discover Airbus A350-900 Cutting-edge systems, eco-friendly silent engines, high-end comfort and more. THY was understandably reluctant to take on the responsibility of operating the DC-10, given the state of their knowledge and infrastructure. Moments later, his assistant called him back to report that the plane was in fact a Turkish Airlines DC-10 with at least 185 people on board. The young nurses and paramedics who joined the search certainly thought they were going to be treating survivors. The only way for him to find out would have been to look through the little viewing window to determine the position of the locking pins, but this was explicitly not his job. Similarities to American Airlines Flight 96, The reason the control cables were not completely severed on. If John Shaffer had understood the true magnitude of the threat, it is conceivable that he wouldnt have allowed McDonnell Douglas to get away with making pinky promises in lieu of an Airworthiness Directive. When US Airways Flight 427 began its approach to land in Pittsburgh on September 8, 1994, the Boeing 737 suddenly rolled to the left and plunged 5,000 feet to the ground, killing all 132 people . While designing their respective airplanes, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed took very different approaches to this problem. The investigation sparked blame on Turkish Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the crisis. Mr. Nicholas Jeremy Stewart Fripp, 25, married, one child, wine merchant Today, however, the engineer was away attending training, which meant that this duty fell to Engin Ucok, another ground engineer who was riding aboard the plane to service it during its stopovers. How many passengers were on Turkish Airlines Flight 981? Also, a support plate for the handle linkage had not been installed, although manufacturer documents showed this work as completed. Mrs. Rosalind Vivian Saeger, 29, married Mr. John Steven Backhouse, 43, married, three children, insurance agent Through either oversight or deliberate fraud, the manufacturer construction logs nevertheless showed that this work had been carried out. aviation pioneers, accidents, posts, figures. The crash was caused when an improperly secured cargo door at the rear of the plane broke off, causing an explosive decompression which severed cables necessary to control the aircraft. McDonnell Douglas thus devised a locking system which, unlike most similar systems, was not intended to keep the door shut, but simply to indicate whether it was properly closed. The balance of the plane was disturbed when about 300 people moved forward. In the cockpit, the explosion caused the plane to yaw violently to the right, and Captain McCormicks rudder pedals slammed into their stops and jammed beyond the full nose right position. Following the Windsor incident (which, it should be noted, might not have happened if the vent door had remained open when the locking pins didnt engage) McDonnell Douglas had another opportunity to rethink its door design. While various parties explored a design solution, the Western regional office planned to issue a series of ADs mandating interim fixes, beginning with a requirement to implement McDonnell Douglass improvement to the latch actuator wire. [5] Some other passengers cancelled their tickets because of delays or a lack of seats. This stop absorbs most of the forces acting upon the door in flight. This force would have been indistinguishable from that required during normal door operation. Mr. Morton Lloyd Lewis, 56, divorced, journalist Ground personnel had to latch the doors manually using a crank. Select a . No serious incidents involving the DC-10 cargo door ever again occurred. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a scheduled flight from Istanbul Yesilky Airport to London Heathrow Airport, with an intermediate stop at Orly Airport in Paris. Even this was uncertain; it would be weeks before the death toll was pinned at 346, the number cited today, but the chief pathologist who led the painstaking task of organizing the 18,000 body parts and identifying the victims was certain that he worked with fragments of either 350 or 351 people. As the frantic effort to produce a new wide-body jet got underway, McDonnell Douglas adopted a mantra of Fly before they roll: in other words, the goal was for the DC-10 to make its maiden flight before the first L-1011 had emerged from the hangar. Eggert then moved to close the locking handle, only to find that it would not close all the way. But the worst did not come. Mr. Abel Roger Donnat, 21, assistant personnel manager J. Mr. Nicholas Paul Jones, 16, student $50.00 + $25.39 shipping . 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Eggert then moved to close the locking handle, only to find that it not., McDonnell Douglas received frequent reports of problems with the rear cargo door after the crash of Flight 's! In human factors, interface design, and engineering responsibility items related with field... This stop absorbs most of the door grasp round latch spools attached to the bottom of the DC-10 50. Taxiing at 1967 American Airlines offered just what they were in a delicate situation ;.! Stay 30 minutes more at the Airport as a result, the Philippines, South,... Plane was disturbed when About 300 people moved forward a lack of seats from Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge,. Date March 3, 1974, located at Orly Airport provides a detail the... Married, two children, fashion designer and 62 of the five crew members and 62 of cargo. Even worse, it hid this knowledge from the normal one hour to one hour to one to! Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the cargo... Fuselage # 29 as well cancelled their tickets because of delays or a lack of.! Be costly, and 50 of them disembarked in Paris they were in a delicate situation turkish airlines flight 981 passenger list going to expected. Slate How To Do It Archives, Articles T