Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. Carrie died at the age of 3. [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. 1-17. At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. Henry had 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and 2 other siblings. The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. In 1878, his wife Mary fell ill, and died on May 18, 1881, at age 47, leaving Henry Flagler with a young son to raise alone. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. As such, the salt industry was tax-exempt during the Civil War and essential employees were exempt from the draft. Despite (or perhaps because of) the tragic death of the mother of his children, Henry Flagler poured himself into the business of Standard Oil. She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. [citation needed], One of the most effective attacks on Flagler and Rockefeller and their firm was the 1905 publication of The History of the Standard Oil Company, by Ida Tarbell, a leading muckraker. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. Flagler believed that he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation. (2022) "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. A Second Wife and a Second Career. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Cutthroat Cruel business man. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. Who was Henry Flagler? Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. As you go through the . St. Augustine, Florida Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) was a complicated man. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. 0:00. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. Flagler engaged Thomas Hastings and Jean Carrere of the Carrere & Hastings architectural firm to design the hotel. Covert, Robert. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." Louis Comfort Tiffany (who was about ten years into his monumental career) was hired to decorate the hotel and craft its windows. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Eldest daughter Jennie Louise died when she was a young woman (more on her later). Their estate was called Kirkside and was built west of the Ponce de Leon property. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). Graham, Thomas. Reynolds, Charles B. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. Seasons 4, 6-7. Carrie died at the age of 3. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. He invested with the guidance of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a native of St. Augustine. [64], On February 24, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled in Key West near the spot where the Over-Sea Railroad once terminated. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Gainesville, FL. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. July, 1975. pg. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", Graham, Thomas. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. The Paris Rothschilds jumped into the fray providing financing. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. . Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. Mary Lily outlived her first husband, Henry Flagler and inherited his huge fortune, married again three years later, and died under suspicious circumstances at aged fifty. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. Because he had a hard personal life and was a cutthroat business man. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. [44], Although Flagler remained on the board of directors of Standard Oil, he gave up his day-to-day involvement in the corporation to pursue his interests in Florida. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press & Crown Publishers, 2002. St. Augustine, FL: The St. Augustine Historical Society. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. Birth Name: Henry Flagler Occupation: Entrepreneur Place Of Birth: NY Date Of Birth: January 2, 1830 Date Of Death: May 20, 1913 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: Unknown Nationality: American Henry Flagler was born on the 2nd of January, 1830. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. He even owned newspapers in Florida. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. Rockefeller. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. University Press of Florida. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. His mother, the widowed Elizabeth Caldwell (Morrison) Harkness, had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." One day when very old he went on a drunken spree. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. This is somewhat my case. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. [14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. Ida. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. He later joined Daniel in a grain business started with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. In the case of Henry Flagler's life, it seems his personal troubles compounded in the 1890s. [28], Even though 85% of world crude production was still coming from Pennsylvania wells in the 1880s, overseas drilling in Russia and Asia began to reach the world market. VisitStAugustine.com. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife.
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Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. Carrie died at the age of 3. [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. But in the aftermath of that battle, in 1879 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania indicted Flagler and Rockefeller on charges of monopolizing the oil trade, starting an avalanche of similar court proceedings in other states and making a national issue of Standard Oil's business practices. Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). Thus began an era of Flagler's life that he never spoke about to the press one of scrimping and scraping. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. 1-17. At the same time, he began to have an affair with Mary Lily Kenan; by 1899, newspapers began to openly question whether the two were having an affair. [37], When Flagler envisioned successes in the oil industry, he and Rockefeller started building their fortune in refining oil in Cleveland, Ohio. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. Henry had 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and 2 other siblings. The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. In 1878, his wife Mary fell ill, and died on May 18, 1881, at age 47, leaving Henry Flagler with a young son to raise alone. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. After finishing the eighth grade at fourteen, Henry followed his half-brother Dan to Ohio. The couple traveled to St. Augustine, Florida, which they . Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. As such, the salt industry was tax-exempt during the Civil War and essential employees were exempt from the draft. Despite (or perhaps because of) the tragic death of the mother of his children, Henry Flagler poured himself into the business of Standard Oil. She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. [citation needed], One of the most effective attacks on Flagler and Rockefeller and their firm was the 1905 publication of The History of the Standard Oil Company, by Ida Tarbell, a leading muckraker. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. Today, when you ask someone if they know about Henry Flagler, they are likely to answer with a shake of their head and a shrug. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. He planned to build a hotel on that land, one that gave Northern tourists a fine place to spend their money. Flagler believed that he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation. (2022) "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. A Second Wife and a Second Career. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Cutthroat Cruel business man. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. They were rightfully concerned about allowing a wildly wealthy individual to have that much control over the public works of St. Augustine. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. Standard Oil grew to become one of the largest shippers of oil and kerosene in the country. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. Who was Henry Flagler? Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. As you go through the . St. Augustine, Florida Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) was a complicated man. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. 0:00. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. Flagler engaged Thomas Hastings and Jean Carrere of the Carrere & Hastings architectural firm to design the hotel. Covert, Robert. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. After construction for the Ponce de Leon and the Alcazar were underway in St. Augustine, Flagler's railroad properties started to expand southwards. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. He was instrumental in stopping an Al-Qaeda attack on the USS Seahawk battlegroup (which the Watertown was a part of). Flagler found the city charming, but the hotel facilities and transportation systems inadequate. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." Louis Comfort Tiffany (who was about ten years into his monumental career) was hired to decorate the hotel and craft its windows. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. Flagler controlled a vast fortune, which he earned by buying out small oil refineries and creating a monopoly with Standard Oil. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. Flagler went on to build the Memorial Presbyterian Church for Jennie and her baby daughter Margery in St. Augustine. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Eldest daughter Jennie Louise died when she was a young woman (more on her later). Their estate was called Kirkside and was built west of the Ponce de Leon property. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). Graham, Thomas. Reynolds, Charles B. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. Seasons 4, 6-7. Carrie died at the age of 3. [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. He invested with the guidance of Dr. Andrew Anderson, a native of St. Augustine. [64], On February 24, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled in Key West near the spot where the Over-Sea Railroad once terminated. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Gainesville, FL. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. Flagler was in a special position to make those deals due to his connections as a grain merchant. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. July, 1975. pg. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . "The Peonage Controversy and the Florida East Coast Railway,", Graham, Thomas. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. The Paris Rothschilds jumped into the fray providing financing. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. Whitehall, Palm Beach, is open to the public as the Henry Morrison Flagler Museum; his private railcar No. Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Architecture & Decoration. Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. . Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. Mary Lily outlived her first husband, Henry Flagler and inherited his huge fortune, married again three years later, and died under suspicious circumstances at aged fifty. Carolina Story: Virtual Museum of University History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lily_Kenan_Flagler_Bingham&oldid=1125142626, This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 11:49. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. It kept oil prices low to stave off competitors, made its products affordable to the average household, and, to increase market penetration, sometimes sold below cost if necessary. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. Perhaps those years after the Civil War were what imbued Flagler with his infamously shrewd business practices. Because he had a hard personal life and was a cutthroat business man. Flagler also pioneered in the development of Florida as a U.S. vacation centre. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. [44], Although Flagler remained on the board of directors of Standard Oil, he gave up his day-to-day involvement in the corporation to pursue his interests in Florida. On the condition that Anderson get the city's streets paved, Henry Flagler agreed to buy a portion of that land. This is a major source for this Historical Person Profile highly recommended! [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press & Crown Publishers, 2002. St. Augustine, FL: The St. Augustine Historical Society. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. He is known as the father of Miami, Florida and also founded Palm Beach, Florida. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. Birth Name: Henry Flagler Occupation: Entrepreneur Place Of Birth: NY Date Of Birth: January 2, 1830 Date Of Death: May 20, 1913 Cause Of Death: N/A Ethnicity: Unknown Nationality: American Henry Flagler was born on the 2nd of January, 1830. Immediately, she began taking advantage of the fortune she had married into like any budding socialite, she loved gowns, jewelry, and yachts. By 1849, Flagler was promoted to the sales staff at a salary of $40 per month. The state provided incentive in the form of 3,840 acres (15.5km2) for every mile (1.6km) of track constructed.[49]. He even owned newspapers in Florida. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. In March, he stepped down from that post but will . As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. Flagler was the only person to be divorced under the law before it was repealed in 1905. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. Rockefeller. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. "1892-A Year of Crucial Decisions in Florida", This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 15:49. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. In 1853, Flagler married Mary Harkness, the daughter of Lamon Harkness - owner of the general store where he was formerly employed. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. In 1887, Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission, which was tasked with enforcing equal rates for all railroad freight, but by then Standard depended more on pipeline transport. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. University Press of Florida. [39] According to Allan Nevins, in John D. Rockefeller (p 292), "Standard Oil was born as a big enterprise, it had cut its teeth as a partnership and was now ready to plunge forward into a period of greater expansion and development. His mother, the widowed Elizabeth Caldwell (Morrison) Harkness, had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." One day when very old he went on a drunken spree. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. After her husband died, Julia and her children returned to Ft. Dallas and purchased 640 acres on the north shore of the Miami River. This is somewhat my case. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. [14] Standard was growing horizontally and vertically. Dr. George G. Shelton, a graduate of New York's Homeopathic Medical College, was assisted by three nurses when Henry Flagler's daughter Jennie Louise Benedict died in 1889 following post-partum complications while journeying to visit her father on board the yacht Oneida headed to St. Augustine. Ida. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. He later joined Daniel in a grain business started with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio. However, Smith had fallen on some hard times and sold the hotel to Henry Flagler not long after it opened in 1888. In the case of Henry Flagler's life, it seems his personal troubles compounded in the 1890s. [28], Even though 85% of world crude production was still coming from Pennsylvania wells in the 1880s, overseas drilling in Russia and Asia began to reach the world market. VisitStAugustine.com. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. In just eighteen months of harried work and lavish spending, the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened for business in January of 1888. She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife.
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