list of british prisoners in thailand

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list of british prisoners in thailand

While hundreds of these POWs were not considered a threat by the Japanese and were used as 'guards' at Gun Club Hill Barracks and other areas, 500-600 Indian soldiers considered anti-Japanese were held at Ma Tau Chung in very unpleasant circumstances. The firing squad, consisting of four Indian National Army* soldiers stood some 50 yards away. 824 (AKA Teiryu maru, Kakakusen, Northwestern Miller, Augsberg), President Harrison (AKA Kachidoki/Kakko maru). But Prisoners Abroad helped me there too. ", Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. They are treated the worst of all. The senior officer of the Japanese army commanding General Tomoyuki Yamashita was executed at Bilibid Prison in 1946 after being found guilty of allowing the murder of unarmed POWs. Most of the causes of death were a disease, malnutrition, overwork, and poor sanitary conditions. Thai prisons, for male prisoners and hardened criminals at maximum security institutions at least, are notorious for providing poor quality rice and fish heads to those who cannot afford to buy their own food. Only 550 of the 900+ who sailed from Taiwan were still alive; 150 more men died in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea in the coming months, leaving only 403 survivors of the original 1620 to be liberated from camps in Kyushu, Korea, Manchuria, and Taiwan in August and September 1945. The father broke into tears when his son was lead away again back to prison that day. The two bridges were successfully bombed on 13 February 1945 by the Royal Air Force. For most of the war, Changi was one of the least brutal Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, particularly compared to those on BurmaThailand railway. to be used by the Japanese Armed Forces in the occupied areas. After surrendering to Imperial Japanese Army forces in a revenge act for the sinking of a Japanese minesweeper they rounded up 300 Dutch and Australian POWs at random and executed them at Laha airfield in the Dutch East Indies (Now Timor). A Dutch-built ship of 2071 tonnes, launched in 1900. It was only two years into Lances prison term at Klong Prem prison had begun and the loving father had hoped that the sentence would be reduced. (Other reports state 548 POWs and no survivors. "I felt totally let down by the embassy," he said. POWs who were allowed to remain at either of these camps were often from Changi Camp and still fit to work. He and his crew sent two torpedoes speeding through the icy waters of the South China Sea toward the ship, striking it on the starboard number three hold and the stern. its the last stop. As a result, the site had a well-constructed military infrastructure, including three major barracks Selerang, Roberts and Kitchener as well as many other smaller camps. Wales Maru (AKA Weills Maru and Byoki Maru). Once a day, youd be given a meal. . The Junyo Maru had the worst death toll, 5,640 out of 6,520 POWs dying after the ship was sunk. Four other groups were sent to Fukuoka POW camps 1, 3, 4, and 17. Japanese Registers of POWs WWII - The records are contained in Japanese Registers of Allied Prisoners of War (PoWs) and civilian internees held in camps in Singapore, Second World War.This series comprises three registers which record the names of over 13,000 allied Prisoners of War and civilian internees of British and other nationalities during the Second World War. Inatsuki (Yamano) Branch Camp (Fukuoka 8-B), Osarisawa (Hanawa) Branch Camp (Sendai 6-B), Hiraoka (Mitsushima) Branch Camp (Tokyo 12-B), Kumamoto Branch Camp and Fukuoka Branch Camp (Fukuoka 1-B), Kawasaki Ogimachi Branch Camp (Tokyo 2-B) (aka The Mitsui Madhouse), Nagasaki Mitsubishi Dockyard Branch Camp (Fukuoka 14-B), Fushiki Hokkai Electro-Chemical Branch Camp (Nagoya 6-D), Toyama Nippon Soda Branch Camp (Nagoya 7-D), Toyama Tateyama Heavy Industry Branch Camp (Nagoya 8-D), Toyama Nippon Express Branch Camp (Nagoya 9-D), Fushiki Sea and Land Transportation Branch Camp (Nagoya 10-D), Toyama Nippon Soda Iwase Ironworks Branch Camp (Nagoya 11-D), Niigata Sea and Land Transportation Branch Camp (Tokyo 5-B), Niihama Isoura Branch Camp (Hiroshima 2-B), Nishi Ashibetsu Branch Camp (Hakodate 4-B), Yakumo Detached Camp (Hakodate 1-Detached), Yamashita Camp see Yokohama Ship Loading Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 19-D), Mitsubishi Heavy Industry Yokohama Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 1-D), Nippon Steel Tube Tsurumi Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 3-D), Osaka Ship-building Yokohama Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 10-D), Nippon Steel Tube Asano Ship-building Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 13-D), Yokohama Proof-brick Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 18-D), Yokohama Ship Loading Dispatched Camp (Tokyo 19-D), Zentsuji Headquarters Camp & Zentsuji Subcamp 3 (Hiroshima area POW Camp). 15,029 men were treated in the hospital and 806 died and were initially buried here. The young man, who is now 32 years of age, is believed to be suffering from the physical and mental effects of 5 years in Bangkoks Klong Prem prison on the outskirts of Bangkok in Chatuchak. The kempeitai were the military police of the Japanese Imperial army during World War II. endstream On 12 February 1942, the merchant ship Vyner Brooke left Singapore just before the city fell to the Imperial Japanese Army. We add around 200,000 new records each month. Changi POW camps: TNA index reference & location: WO 367. Not one of them survived. The Tamahoko Maru was then almost blown apart and water poured in through a gaping hole in her side. Charity no. Alexandra Hospital, Havelock Road working camp, Singapore, Buket Timah, Chinese High School, Singapore, Fort Connaught, Blakang Mati Island, Singapore, JC /172 Janek Merak, Jechil Road, Singapore. So when money started appearing in my account, around 1,800 baht (35) each month, I was very surprised. Singapore's civilian prison, Changi Gaol, was also on this peninsula. Because of Thailands strict laws and Buddhist ethics, many farangs, aka foreigners, find themselves in trouble for silly social media posts or even vaping. BURMA-04_roster (WO 361-2204) - British and American POWs at Burma Camp 6, later IV. The POWs declined offers to blindfold. Argyle Street Camp was a Japanese World War II Prisoner-of-war camp in Kowloon, Hong Kong which primarily held officer prisoners. If you find an error or omission we would be pleased to hear from you and we'll correct or add any detail as necessary. Prisoners experienced severe mistreatment, and several deaths occurred. <> They were later also forced to build a 220 km long section of railway between Pekanbaru and Muaro, with 18 POW camps along the length of the railway. The young man is believed to be suffering from a bad back from having to sleep on a concrete floor at the huge prison where he once shared a bare wall prison cell with up to 78 other inmates. Although he said he had been the victim of corruption by people seeking rewards for convictions, he added: "I like Thailand and I like the Thais." When I dared to look again, my worst thoughts were confirmed. 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When the POWs were unable to work because of illness their food ration was cut. It is the Thai authorities who must ultimately agree the terms as the prison sentences were imposed by Thai courts under Thai law. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google History note Cataloguer Backlog History note Catalogue date 1977-07 Object details Object associations Associated subjects Original documents Miscellaneous Documents I wrote back to them many times. The prison is a maximum security facility with over 20,000 inmates being held cramped and unhygenic conditions. Such outrageous meals, in combination with rude guards and clogged toilets, often lead to different health and emotional problems. See "Death on the Hellships" (pp. 3 0 obj After an exchange of salutes between the POWs and their senior officers, the firing squad opened fire. In 1917 she was sold to the Norfolk & North American Steamship Company (part of Furness Withy), London, and renamed Hartland Point. This more benign regimen included better food, adequate accommodation, access to Red Cross parcels, delivery of mail (albeit slow), fewer atrocities and well-stage-managed annual inspections by International Red Cross Committee teams. Towards the end of the war, the lack of clothing was very serious, and POWs were dressed in rags. Sailed from Singapore on 04/7/44 to Moji, Japan via Manila (Phillipines) arriving on 13/8/44 with 609 POWs. Brutal inmates often target foreigners and subject them to abuse. Moreover, according to a directive ratified on 5 August 1937 by The Japanese emperor Hirohito, the constraints of the Hague Conventions were explicitly removed from prisoners of war from China, the United States, Australia, Britain, Canada, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the Philippines held by the Japanese armed forces and these POWs were subject to murder, beatings, summary punishment, brutal treatment, forced labour, medical experimentation, starvation rations and poor medical treatment. The survivors of the sinking of the Oruku maru (see above) were held for several days in an open tennis court at Olongapo Naval Base. The distribution of this mail among the prisoner-of-war and internment camps in Japan and Japanese-occupied territory was slow and haphazard. Don't miss a thing! In most cases, existing warehouses, company employee dorms, or school buildings were remodelled and used as POW camp buildings. There were Japanese civilian doctors or medical officers who came around the camps, or there were the POW medical officers in each camp who conducted treatment. The Embassy can facilitate the registration process with No water and very little food were provided for the majority of this journey. A Kempeitai Prison rather than a fully fledged POW camp, located in Rabaul town itself, https://www.awm.gov.au/events/conference/2002/degroen.asp, Please enter your password, it must be 8 or more characters, I agree to Terms and Conditions and Privacy Statement, Report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on its activities during the Second World War, Vol,1,p.451, prisoner-of-war and internment camps in Japan, Allied prisoners and civilians in Japanese hands, Ships from Hell: Japanese War Crimes on the High Seas in World War II, Japanese Registers of Allied Prisoners of War (PoWs), www.paperlessarchives.com/FreeTitles/POWCampsOutisdeJapan.pdf, Many exclusive records, found only on our site, 1 on 1 Personal assistance from military photo and document experts, Access to Orbats mapping tool, allowing you to trace your WW1 ancestors steps. FAR FROM HOME: More than 2,500 British nationals are locked up in prisons overseas (Image: GETTY) Almost 900 of the villains crammed into foreign hell holes are drug dealers, with 154 child sex beasts and 102 caged for immigration offences. Many prisoners, however, indicated that because of the availability of fresh vegetables in the warmer months and local fish during winter, rations were in some ways better than at Jinsen and Keijo. In each camp, there was some facility like a simple clinic, but medical supplies were as scarce as they were among Japan's civilian population. She revealed that while walking past a flower shop on Valentines Day recently, a young girl presented her with rose for her son. Sailed from Singapore to Moji (Japan) with 1500 POWs on 25/4/43. With the lights of Japan in . POWs died at a rate of up to fifty per day. Color-coded by date of establishment as a main camp: blue for 1933-1937, gray for 1938-1939, red for 1940-1941, green for 1942, yellow for 1943-1944. After the Australians refused to sign any agreement the Japanese crammed some 15,000 men, including the British POWs from the Changi camp, into the Selerang Barracks which was originally intended for a maximum of 1200 men on 2 September 1942. Deck space was also used for the prisoners. Updated 06:33, 20 JUL 2019. The prisoners of war allocated to this force were all sick men, with Diptheria and dysentery amongst other illnesses. With his beautiful Thai girlfriend, he regularly attended high profile parties and entertainment events and was often seen with beautiful women. Which are all released under the terms of Creativecommons.org/licenses/by-s/3.0/. The remaining prisoners were then transported by train to La Union. It should be mentioned that they had the greatest difficulty in obtaining the necessary permits for each visit, that during the visit they had to refrain from all reference to humanitarian texts in order not to anger the Japanese authorities, and that the latter always regarded them with suspicion and ill-will. In some camps, there were canteens where the POWs could buy simple daily necessities. Klong Prem Prison is in Ngamwongwang Road in north Bangkok, and includes a medium term center, Bangkok Remand Prison, and the juvenile remand center. The ship was bombed by Japanese aircraft and sank. Used to ferry some of the party of 2200 British, Dutch & Australian POWs including RAF from Singapore to Moji (Japan) leaving 5th June 1944, Kunimata Maru (often misspelled Kurimata). The Japanese 'encouraged' these men to join the Indian National Liberation Army, but met with little success. Sailed from Java to Singapore 28/10/42 carrying 500 POWs which were then transferred to the Dainichi Maru for travel to Moji, Japan. Now I could afford to buy proper food for myself, I didnt have to live solely on the inedible prison food any more. Chief executive Pauline Crowe said: In many countries, men and women find themselves without access to food, clean water and the most basic of medical care. Pontianak POW camp, Pontianak (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Balikpapan POW camp, Balikpapan (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Tanjung Priok POW camp, Tanjung Priok (Java), Koan School, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Glodok Gaol, Golodok, a suburb of Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Bicycle Camp, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java). Even though one of Thailands prisons, Bang Kwang in Bangkok, is sarcastically referred to as the Bangkok Hilton, the truth is that prison cells are no five-star hotels. The Japanese cut off the water supply to the toilets, leaving the prisoners with no toilet facilities. With the lights of Japan in sight on 26th June 1944 one of the ships in the convoy exploded after being torpedoed by the US submarine USS Tang. One of the other Americans was USMC Lt. who had organized the escape. She has been quoted as saying she would walk in there and take over her sons prison term if it was possible. Negotiations with the Japanese for an exchange of sick and wounded prisoners of war produced no result, but those for an exchange of civilians made possible two repatriation operations, one in 1942 and the other in 1943. suggested that it may be possible to get the residual prison term down to 10 years by working with the UK Foreign Office. Sailed from Wewak, New Guinea on 17th March 1943 to Kavieng, New Ireland/Rabaul. Initially, there were Japanese language lessons for officers, at first compulsory, then voluntary. % JC/69 Bicycle Camp Gang, Ambon, Amboina, Ambon Group, JC/75 Amahi, Ambon, Amboina, Beram Is, Ambon Group, JC/111 Ambon, Ambon Group, Haroekoe Isle, Ambon Group, JC /115 Kuching, Sarawak, ( Sawmill/Jetty) Borneo, JC /17 Mergui, Kirikhan Road, (jungle road) Burma, JC /93 Longi, Ronsu, 62-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /100 Anankurin, Anaquin, Amankwin, Burma Railway, Burma, JC /123 Apalon, Umbron, 83-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /199 Kunbuitkway, 25-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /230 Wagele, 8-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /231 Massale, 70-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /232 108 kilo railway camp, Burma ( on the border with Siam ), JC /271 Mezali, 75-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /327 Kando, Kandaw, Hospital Transit Camp, Burma, JC /259 Weinsen Internment Camp, Shantung Province, China, JC /37 Saigon, Saigon Docks, French Indo China, JC /68 Fumi, Phumy, Saigon Camp, French Indo China, JC /91 Lienkhang, Saigon, French Indo China, JC /168 Fumi Camp, No.1 Camp Fumi, nr Saigon, French Indo China, JC /224 Song Long Song Camp, French Indo China, JC /43 Kinkaseki, No. After the war, it became clear that there existed a high command order issued from the War Ministry in Tokyo to kill all remaining POWs. The shots wounded the four but did not kill them. March - October 1943. Prisoners Abroad is a charity registered in England and Wales. A Japanese officer ordered the remaining twenty-two nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the surf. Billy was held in Chiang Mai. The last days & liberation of the camp are written HERE. Kachidoki Maru (AKA Kakko maru/President Harrison). She also says that her son is sorry for the crime he committed. The camps were mainly set up in mines and the industrial areas such as Keihin (Tokyo and Yokohama), and Hanshin (Osaka and Kobe). on 24 June put the railway out of commission for the rest of the war. 18 0 obj Some POWs in the heat, humidity, lack of oxygen, food, and water became delirious. There are currently no records online of roster lists, but it is often fruitful to look at other areas a POW could have been sent to locate anything. The first wooden bridge over the Khwae Yai was finished in February 1943, followed by a concrete and steel bridge in June 1943. K & L-365 men of themedical forces left Changi in June and August 1943 for Thailand and worked in the various hospitals along the railway. Repair work continued and both bridges were operational again by the end of May. Besides, that sent on exchange ships, mail for prisoners of war in the Far East was by July 1942 being transported across Russia to her Pacific seaboard and thence to Japan, under an agreement reached with the Soviet Government. Changi was liberated by troops of the 5th Indian Division on 5 September 1945 and within a week troops were being repatriated. They were forced to engage in the hard labour of constructing railways, roads, airfields, etc. In all there are 14,324 prisoners of which 14,125 are males and 199 are females.[3]. e.g. It was the world's greatest sea disaster at the time with 5,640 dead. Some escaped by going over a cliff that ran along one side of the trenches but was later hunted down and killed. She describes the whole journey, in one Facebook post, as the will of God which she and her son try to accept. However the track was sold to Thai Railways and the 130 km Ban PongNamtok section re-laid and is in use today.". endobj The leading independent voice for aviation news and insight. It is interesting to note the suffix Maru this was a common addition to ships name meaning beloved and was intended to protect the ships from exterior harm. There is no accurate total number for the number of deaths on this march although estimates range from 5,000-10,000 Filipinos and 650 US troops. Paul was living in Thailand, happily married with a young son, running a successful business. The men were regarded as not fit enough to be transferred to working areas but were shipped out of Changi anyway on 13 trains with no ventilation and little food or water. There are some RAF Nominal Rolls from Changi which were made in 1944 from the National Archives reference AIR 40/1899, these are very fragile and seem to be falling apart, unfortunately. They ordered all the wounded men capable of walking to travel around a headland. In most camps blankets were provided by the camp, however, many POWs reported that the severe winter cold adversely affected their health. MORE than 2,500 Brits are locked up in prisons overseas, the Daily Star Sunday can reveal. In contrast, the IRCC was not given access to camps in South-East Asia where conditions were far worse and frequently appalling. Along with the rest of the 24th Group, he ended up at Bataan, where he flew the last combat mission on April 8, 1942. On the average New Zealand page 351 next-of-kin waited 18 months for the first news of their prisoner or internee relative; the news even then was often only a card or a message over the Japanese-controlled radio. Its not a secret that female prisoners across the globe face some unique challenges. Toward the end of the war, the IJA moved many of the camps in the industrial areas inland or to areas closer to the Sea of Japan because of air raids by the U.S. Air Force and in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. 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Mati Mati =wait, wait a nickname for this hell ship that zigzagged across the Pacific carrying POWs so much it was always a delayed journey. No wonder Thai prisons are often described not as purgatories but pure hell. Prison life is intimidating and disgusting. Most subcamps were also known by the employing industry name: i.e. There are sources which show other camp names not listed here: however there is no further information so far sourced regarding these camps, it being likely these extra names are either civilian camps only or just a misspelling or pseudonym of the camps below. The report of the International Red Cross Committee gives the best idea of how the visits were conducted: The duration of the visit to the camps was generally restricted to two hours, made up of one for a conversation with the camp commandant, thirty minutes for visiting quarters, and thirty minutes for an interview, in the presence of the Japanese officers of the camp, with a camp leader appointed by them. Lemon As Cleaning Agent Research Paper, Articles L